AR position indicator

ABSTRACT

Aspects of the present disclosure involve a system for presenting augmented reality (AR) items. The system performs operations including receiving a video that includes a depiction of a real-world environment and generating a 3D model of the real-world environment based on the video. The operations include determining, based on the 3D model of the real-world environment, that an AR item has been placed in the video at a particular 3D position and identifying a portion of the 3D model corresponding to the real-world environment currently being displayed on a screen. The operations include determining that the 3D position of the AR item is excluded from the portion of the 3D model currently being displayed on the screen and in response, displaying an indicator that identifies the 3D position of the AR item in the 3D model relative to the portion of the 3D model currently being displayed on a screen.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to providing augmented realityexperiences using a messaging application.

BACKGROUND

Augmented Reality (AR) is a modification of a virtual environment. Forexample, in Virtual Reality (VR), a user is completely immersed in avirtual world, whereas in AR, the user is immersed in a world wherevirtual objects are combined or superimposed on the real world. An ARsystem aims to generate and present virtual objects that interactrealistically with a real-world environment and with each other.Examples of AR applications can include single or multiple player videogames, instant messaging systems, and the like.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

In the drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, like numeralsmay describe similar components in different views. To easily identifythe discussion of any particular element or act, the most significantdigit or digits in a reference number refer to the figure number inwhich that element is first introduced. Some nonlimiting examples areillustrated in the figures of the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of a networked environment inwhich the present disclosure may be deployed, in accordance with someexamples.

FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic representation of a messaging clientapplication, in accordance with some examples.

FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic representation of a data structure asmaintained in a database, in accordance with some examples.

FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic representation of a message, in accordance withsome examples.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an example AR item placement system,according to some examples.

FIGS. 6-9 are diagrammatic representations of outputs of the AR itemplacement system, in accordance with some examples.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating example operations of the AR itemplacement system, according to some examples.

FIG. 11 is a diagrammatic representation of a machine in the form of acomputer system within which a set of instructions may be executed forcausing the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologiesdiscussed herein, in accordance with some examples.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing a software architecture within whichexamples may be implemented.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The description that follows includes systems, methods, techniques,instruction sequences, and computing machine program products thatembody illustrative examples of the disclosure. In the followingdescription, for the purposes of explanation, numerous specific detailsare set forth in order to provide an understanding of various examples.It will be evident, however, to those skilled in the art, that examplesmay be practiced without these specific details. In general, well-knowninstruction instances, protocols, structures, and techniques are notnecessarily shown in detail.

Typically, VR and AR (AR) systems allow users to add AR elements totheir environment (e.g., captured image data corresponding to a user'ssurroundings). Such systems can recommend AR elements based on variousexternal factors, such as a current geographical location of the userand various other contextual clues. Some AR systems allow a user tocapture a video of a room and select from a list of available ARelements to add to a room to see how the selected AR element looks inthe room. These systems allow a user to preview how a physical itemlooks at a particular location in a user's environment, which simplifiesthe purchasing process. While these systems generally work well, theyrequire a user to manually select which AR elements to display withinthe captured video and where to place the AR elements. Specifically, theuser of these systems has to spend a great deal of effort searchingthrough and navigating multiple user interfaces and pages of informationto identify an item of interest. Then the user has to manually positionthe selected item within view. In many cases, the user is unaware of thedimensions of the AR elements, which results in the user placing the ARelements in unrealistic locations. These tasks can be daunting and timeconsuming, which detracts from the overall interest of using thesesystems and results in wasted resources.

Also, allowing the user to place the AR elements in unrealisticlocations can result in the user believing a corresponding real-worldproduct fits in the room and can lead the user to mistakenly purchasingthe corresponding product. This ends up frustrating the user when theuser ends up discovering that the corresponding real-world product doesnot fit in the room and reduces the level of trust the user has in theAR and VR systems.

In some cases, the user places an AR element in a particular location inthe AR system. After placing the AR element, the user can move thecamera to capture a video of another portion of the environment whichdoes not include the positioned AR element. Namely, the AR elementdisappears from view when the camera is moved to capture a video of alocation in the real-world environment in which the AR element was notplaced. In this case, the user may not realize where the AR element waspreviously placed relative to the current location that is beingdisplayed in the video. This can cause the user to become disorientedand confused and ends up frustrating the user.

The disclosed techniques improve the efficiency of using an electronicdevice which implements or otherwise accesses an AR/VR system byintelligently automatically determining what room or environment iswithin view of a camera and automatically indicating to the user wherean AR item corresponding to a physical (e.g., television, couch, desk,and so forth) or electronically consumable item (e.g., video items,music items, or video game items) was previously placed. The indicationcan be presented continuously as the camera used to capture the video ofthe room is moved around to capture new portions of the real-worldenvironment. In this way, the user can always be aware of where one ormore AR elements were previously placed relative to a current view ofthe real-world environment. This prevents disorienting and confusing theuser as the user moves around the AR system.

Specifically, the disclosed techniques receive a video that includes adepiction of one or more real-world objects in a real-world environment.The disclosed techniques obtain depth information related to thereal-world environment and generate a three-dimensional (3D) model ofthe real-world environment based on the video and the depth information.The disclosed techniques determine, based on the 3D model of thereal-world environment, that an AR item has been placed in the video ata particular 3D position and identify a portion of the 3D modelcorresponding to the real-world environment currently being displayed ona screen. The disclosed techniques determine that the 3D position of theAR item is excluded from the portion of the 3D model currently beingdisplayed on the screen. The disclosed techniques, in response todetermining that the 3D position of the AR item is excluded from theportion of the 3D model, display an indicator that identifies the 3Dposition of the AR item in the 3D model relative to the portion of the3D model currently being displayed on a screen.

In this way, the disclosed techniques can select and automaticallyrecommend where to place one or more AR elements corresponding to itemsavailable for purchase in the current image or video without furtherinput from a user. Also, the disclosed techniques automatically displayan indicator that identifies the 3D position of the AR item in the 3Dmodel relative to the portion of the 3D model currently being displayedon a screen. This improves the overall experience of the user in usingthe electronic device and reduces the overall amount of system resourcesneeded to accomplish a task.

Networked Computing Environment

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example messaging system 100 forexchanging data (e.g., messages and associated content) over a network.The messaging system 100 includes multiple instances of a client device102, each of which hosts a number of applications, including a messagingclient 104 and other external applications 109 (e.g., third-partyapplications). Each messaging client 104 is communicatively coupled toother instances of the messaging client 104 (e.g., hosted on respectiveother client devices 102), a messaging server system 108 and externalapp(s) servers 110 via a network 112 (e.g., the Internet). A messagingclient 104 can also communicate with locally-hosted third-partyapplications (also referred to as “external applications” and “externalapps”) 109 using Application Program Interfaces (APIs).

A messaging client 104 is able to communicate and exchange data withother messaging clients 104 and with the messaging server system 108 viathe network 112. The data exchanged between messaging clients 104, andbetween a messaging client 104 and the messaging server system 108,includes functions (e.g., commands to invoke functions) as well aspayload data (e.g., text, audio, video or other multimedia data).

The messaging server system 108 provides server-side functionality viathe network 112 to a particular messaging client 104. While certainfunctions of the messaging system 100 are described herein as beingperformed by either a messaging client 104 or by the messaging serversystem 108, the location of certain functionality either within themessaging client 104 or the messaging server system 108 may be a designchoice. For example, it may be technically preferable to initiallydeploy certain technology and functionality within the messaging serversystem 108 but to later migrate this technology and functionality to themessaging client 104 where a client device 102 has sufficient processingcapacity.

The messaging server system 108 supports various services and operationsthat are provided to the messaging client 104. Such operations includetransmitting data to, receiving data from, and processing data generatedby the messaging client 104. This data may include message content,client device information, geolocation information, media augmentationand overlays, message content persistence conditions, social networkinformation, and live event information, as examples. Data exchangeswithin the messaging system 100 are invoked and controlled throughfunctions available via user interfaces of the messaging client 104.

Turning now specifically to the messaging server system 108, an APIserver 116 is coupled to, and provides a programmatic interface to,application servers 114. The application servers 114 are communicativelycoupled to a database server 120, which facilitates access to a database126 that stores data associated with messages processed by theapplication servers 114. Similarly, a web server 128 is coupled to theapplication servers 114 and provides web-based interfaces to theapplication servers 114. To this end, the web server 128 processesincoming network requests over the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)and several other related protocols.

The API server 116 receives and transmits message data (e.g., commandsand message payloads) between the client device 102 and the applicationservers 114. Specifically, the API server 116 provides a set ofinterfaces (e.g., routines and protocols) that can be called or queriedby the messaging client 104 in order to invoke functionality of theapplication servers 114. The API server 116 exposes various functionssupported by the application servers 114, including accountregistration; login functionality; the sending of messages, via theapplication servers 114, from a particular messaging client 104 toanother messaging client 104; the sending of media files (e.g., imagesor video) from a messaging client 104 to a messaging server 118, and forpossible access by another messaging client 104; the settings of acollection of media data (e.g., story); the retrieval of a list offriends of a user of a client device 102; the retrieval of suchcollections, the retrieval of messages and content; the addition anddeletion of entities (e.g., friends) to an entity graph (e.g., a socialgraph); the location of friends within a social graph; and opening anapplication event (e.g., relating to the messaging client 104).

The application servers 114 host a number of server applications andsubsystems, including, for example, a messaging server 118, an imageprocessing server 122, and a social network server 124. The messagingserver 118 implements a number of message processing technologies andfunctions, particularly related to the aggregation and other processingof content (e.g., textual and multimedia content) included in messagesreceived from multiple instances of the messaging client 104. As will bedescribed in further detail, the text and media content from multiplesources may be aggregated into collections of content (e.g., calledstories or galleries). These collections are then made available to themessaging client 104. Other processor- and memory-intensive processingof data may also be performed server-side by the messaging server 118,in view of the hardware requirements for such processing.

The application servers 114 also include an image processing server 122that is dedicated to performing various image processing operations,typically with respect to images or video within the payload of amessage sent from or received at the messaging server 118.

Image processing server 122 is used to implement scan functionality ofthe augmentation system 208 (shown in FIG. 2 ). Scan functionalityincludes activating and providing one or more AR experiences on a clientdevice 102 when an image is captured by the client device 102.Specifically, the messaging client 104 on the client device 102 can beused to activate a camera. The camera displays one or more real-timeimages or a video to a user along with one or more icons or identifiersof one or more AR experiences. The user can select a given one of theidentifiers to launch the corresponding AR experience or perform adesired image modification (e.g., launching an AR experience, asdiscussed in connection with FIGS. 6-10 below).

The social network server 124 supports various social networkingfunctions and services and makes these functions and services availableto the messaging server 118. To this end, the social network server 124maintains and accesses an entity graph 308 (as shown in FIG. 3 ) withinthe database 126. Examples of functions and services supported by thesocial network server 124 include the identification of other users ofthe messaging system 100 with which a particular user has relationshipsor is “following,” and also the identification of other entities andinterests of a particular user.

Returning to the messaging client 104, features and functions of anexternal resource (e.g., a third-party application 109 or applet) aremade available to a user via an interface of the messaging client 104.The messaging client 104 receives a user selection of an option tolaunch or access features of an external resource (e.g., a third-partyresource), such as external apps 109. The external resource may be athird-party application (external apps 109) installed on the clientdevice 102 (e.g., a “native app”), or a small-scale version of thethird-party application (e.g., an “applet”) that is hosted on the clientdevice 102 or remote of the client device 102 (e.g., on externalresource or app(s) servers 110). The small-scale version of thethird-party application includes a subset of features and functions ofthe third-party application (e.g., the full-scale, native version of thethird-party standalone application) and is implemented using amarkup-language document. In one example, the small-scale version of thethird-party application (e.g., an “applet”) is a web-based,markup-language version of the third-party application and is embeddedin the messaging client 104. In addition to using markup-languagedocuments (e.g., a .*ml file), an applet may incorporate a scriptinglanguage (e.g., a .*js file or a .json file) and a style sheet (e.g., a.*ss file).

In response to receiving a user selection of the option to launch oraccess features of the external resource (e.g., external app 109), themessaging client 104 determines whether the selected external resourceis a web-based external resource or a locally-installed externalapplication. In some cases, external applications 109 that are locallyinstalled on the client device 102 can be launched independently of andseparately from the messaging client 104, such as by selecting an icon,corresponding to the external application 109, on a home screen of theclient device 102. Small-scale versions of such external applicationscan be launched or accessed via the messaging client 104 and, in someexamples, no or limited portions of the small-scale external applicationcan be accessed outside of the messaging client 104. The small-scaleexternal application can be launched by the messaging client 104receiving, from an external app(s) server 110, a markup-languagedocument associated with the small-scale external application andprocessing such a document.

In response to determining that the external resource is alocally-installed external application 109, the messaging client 104instructs the client device 102 to launch the external application 109by executing locally-stored code corresponding to the externalapplication 109. In response to determining that the external resourceis a web-based resource, the messaging client 104 communicates with theexternal app(s) servers 110 to obtain a markup-language documentcorresponding to the selected resource. The messaging client 104 thenprocesses the obtained markup-language document to present the web-basedexternal resource within a user interface of the messaging client 104.

The messaging client 104 can notify a user of the client device 102, orother users related to such a user (e.g., “friends”), of activity takingplace in one or more external resources. For example, the messagingclient 104 can provide participants in a conversation (e.g., a chatsession) in the messaging client 104 with notifications relating to thecurrent or recent use of an external resource by one or more members ofa group of users. One or more users can be invited to join in an activeexternal resource or to launch a recently-used but currently inactive(in the group of friends) external resource. The external resource canprovide participants in a conversation, each using a respectivemessaging client messaging clients 104, with the ability to share anitem, status, state, or location in an external resource with one ormore members of a group of users into a chat session. The shared itemmay be an interactive chat card with which members of the chat caninteract, for example, to launch the corresponding external resource,view specific information within the external resource, or take themember of the chat to a specific location or state within the externalresource. Within a given external resource, response messages can besent to users on the messaging client 104. The external resource canselectively include different media items in the responses, based on acurrent context of the external resource.

The messaging client 104 can present a list of the available externalresources (e.g., third-party or external applications 109 or applets) toa user to launch or access a given external resource. This list can bepresented in a context-sensitive menu. For example, the iconsrepresenting different ones of the external applications 109 (orapplets) can vary based on how the menu is launched by the user (e.g.,from a conversation interface or from a non-conversation interface).

System Architecture

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating further details regarding themessaging system 100, according to some examples. Specifically, themessaging system 100 is shown to comprise the messaging client 104 andthe application servers 114. The messaging system 100 embodies a numberof subsystems, which are supported on the client side by the messagingclient 104 and on the sever side by the application servers 114. Thesesubsystems include, for example, an ephemeral timer system 202, acollection management system 204, an augmentation system 208, a mapsystem 210, a game system 212, and an external resource system 220.

The ephemeral timer system 202 is responsible for enforcing thetemporary or time-limited access to content by the messaging client 104and the messaging server 118. The ephemeral timer system 202incorporates a number of timers that, based on duration and displayparameters associated with a message, or collection of messages (e.g., astory), selectively enable access (e.g., for presentation and display)to messages and associated content via the messaging client 104. Furtherdetails regarding the operation of the ephemeral timer system 202 areprovided below.

The collection management system 204 is responsible for managing sets orcollections of media (e.g., collections of text, image video, and audiodata). A collection of content (e.g., messages, including images, video,text, and audio) may be organized into an “event gallery” or an “eventstory.” Such a collection may be made available for a specified timeperiod, such as the duration of an event to which the content relates.For example, content relating to a music concert may be made availableas a “story” for the duration of that music concert. The collectionmanagement system 204 may also be responsible for publishing an iconthat provides notification of the existence of a particular collectionto the user interface of the messaging client 104.

The collection management system 204 furthermore includes a curationinterface 206 that allows a collection manager to manage and curate aparticular collection of content. For example, the curation interface206 enables an event organizer to curate a collection of contentrelating to a specific event (e.g., delete inappropriate content orredundant messages). Additionally, the collection management system 204employs machine vision (or image recognition technology) and contentrules to automatically curate a content collection. In certain examples,compensation may be paid to a user for the inclusion of user-generatedcontent into a collection. In such cases, the collection managementsystem 204 operates to automatically make payments to such users for theuse of their content.

The augmentation system 208 provides various functions that enable auser to augment (e.g., annotate or otherwise modify or edit) mediacontent associated with a message. For example, the augmentation system208 provides functions related to the generation and publishing of mediaoverlays for messages processed by the messaging system 100. Theaugmentation system 208 operatively supplies a media overlay oraugmentation (e.g., an image filter) to the messaging client 104 basedon a geolocation of the client device 102. In another example, theaugmentation system 208 operatively supplies a media overlay to themessaging client 104 based on other information, such as social networkinformation of the user of the client device 102. A media overlay mayinclude audio and visual content and visual effects. Examples of audioand visual content include pictures, texts, logos, animations, and soundeffects. An example of a visual effect includes color overlaying. Theaudio and visual content or the visual effects can be applied to a mediacontent item (e.g., a photo) at the client device 102. For example, themedia overlay may include text, a graphical element, or image that canbe overlaid on top of a photograph taken by the client device 102. Inanother example, the media overlay includes an identification of alocation overlay (e.g., Venice beach), a name of a live event, or a nameof a merchant overlay (e.g., Beach Coffee House). In another example,the augmentation system 208 uses the geolocation of the client device102 to identify a media overlay that includes the name of a merchant atthe geolocation of the client device 102. The media overlay may includeother indicia associated with the merchant. The media overlays may bestored in the database 126 and accessed through the database server 120.

In some examples, the augmentation system 208 provides a user-basedpublication platform that enables users to select a geolocation on a mapand upload content associated with the selected geolocation. The usermay also specify circumstances under which a particular media overlayshould be offered to other users. The augmentation system 208 generatesa media overlay that includes the uploaded content and associates theuploaded content with the selected geolocation.

In other examples, the augmentation system 208 provides a merchant-basedpublication platform that enables merchants to select a particular mediaoverlay associated with a geolocation via a bidding process. Forexample, the augmentation system 208 associates the media overlay of thehighest bidding merchant with a corresponding geolocation for apredefined amount of time. The augmentation system 208 communicates withthe image processing server 122 to obtain AR experiences and presentsidentifiers of such experiences in one or more user interfaces (e.g., asicons over a real-time image or video or as thumbnails or icons ininterfaces dedicated for presented identifiers of AR experiences). Oncean AR experience is selected, one or more images, videos, or ARgraphical elements are retrieved and presented as an overlay on top ofthe images or video captured by the client device 102. In some cases,the camera is switched to a front-facing view (e.g., the front-facingcamera of the client device 102 is activated in response to activationof a particular AR experience) and the images from the front-facingcamera of the client device 102 start being displayed on the clientdevice 102 instead of the rear-facing camera of the client device 102.The one or more images, videos, or AR graphical elements are retrievedand presented as an overlay on top of the images that are captured anddisplayed by the front-facing camera of the client device 102.

In other examples, the augmentation system 208 is able to communicateand exchange data with another augmentation system 208 on another clientdevice 102 and with the server via the network 112. The data exchangedcan include a session identifier that identifies the shared AR session,a transformation between a first client device 102 and a second clientdevice 102 (e.g., a plurality of client devices 102 include the firstand second devices) that is used to align the shared AR session to acommon point of origin, a common coordinate frame, and functions (e.g.,commands to invoke functions) as well as other payload data (e.g., text,audio, video or other multimedia data).

The augmentation system 208 sends the transformation to the secondclient device 102 so that the second client device 102 can adjust the ARcoordinate system based on the transformation. In this way, the firstand second client devices 102 synch up their coordinate systems andframes for displaying content in the AR session. Specifically, theaugmentation system 208 computes the point of origin of the secondclient device 102 in the coordinate system of the first client device102. The augmentation system 208 can then determine an offset in thecoordinate system of the second client device 102 based on the positionof the point of origin from the perspective of the second client device102 in the coordinate system of the second client device 102. Thisoffset is used to generate the transformation so that the second clientdevice 102 generates AR content according to a common coordinate systemor frame as the first client device 102.

The augmentation system 208 can communicate with the client device 102to establish individual or shared AR sessions. The augmentation system208 can also be coupled to the messaging server 118 to establish anelectronic group communication session (e.g., group chat, instantmessaging) for the client devices 102 in a shared AR session. Theelectronic group communication session can be associated with a sessionidentifier provided by the client devices 102 to gain access to theelectronic group communication session and to the shared AR session. Inone example, the client devices 102 first gain access to the electronicgroup communication session and then obtain the session identifier inthe electronic group communication session that allows the clientdevices 102 to access to the shared AR session. In some examples, theclient devices 102 are able to access the shared AR session without aidor communication with the augmentation system 208 in the applicationservers 114.

The map system 210 provides various geographic location functions andsupports the presentation of map-based media content and messages by themessaging client 104. For example, the map system 210 enables thedisplay of user icons or avatars (e.g., stored in profile data 316) on amap to indicate a current or past location of “friends” of a user, aswell as media content (e.g., collections of messages includingphotographs and videos) generated by such friends, within the context ofa map. For example, a message posted by a user to the messaging system100 from a specific geographic location may be displayed within thecontext of a map at that particular location to “friends” of a specificuser on a map interface of the messaging client 104. A user canfurthermore share his or her location and status information (e.g.,using an appropriate status avatar) with other users of the messagingsystem 100 via the messaging client 104, with this location and statusinformation being similarly displayed within the context of a mapinterface of the messaging client 104 to selected users.

The game system 212 provides various gaming functions within the contextof the messaging client 104. The messaging client 104 provides a gameinterface providing a list of available games (e.g., web-based games orweb-based applications) that can be launched by a user within thecontext of the messaging client 104 and played with other users of themessaging system 100. The messaging system 100 further enables aparticular user to invite other users to participate in the play of aspecific game by issuing invitations to such other users from themessaging client 104. The messaging client 104 also supports both voiceand text messaging (e.g., chats) within the context of gameplay,provides a leaderboard for the games, and supports the provision ofin-game rewards (e.g., coins and items).

The external resource system 220 provides an interface for the messagingclient 104 to communicate with external app(s) servers 110 to launch oraccess external resources. Each external resource (apps) server 110hosts, for example, a markup language (e.g., HTML5) based application orsmall-scale version of an external application (e.g., game, utility,payment, or ride-sharing application that is external to the messagingclient 104). The messaging client 104 may launch a web-based resource(e.g., application) by accessing the HTML5 file from the externalresource (apps) servers 110 associated with the web-based resource. Incertain examples, applications hosted by external resource servers 110are programmed in JavaScript leveraging a Software Development Kit (SDK)provided by the messaging server 118. The SDK includes APIs withfunctions that can be called or invoked by the web-based application. Incertain examples, the messaging server 118 includes a JavaScript librarythat provides a given third-party resource access to certain user dataof the messaging client 104. HTML5 is used as an example technology forprogramming games, but applications and resources programmed based onother technologies can be used.

In order to integrate the functions of the SDK into the web-basedresource, the SDK is downloaded by an external resource (apps) server110 from the messaging server 118 or is otherwise received by theexternal resource (apps) server 110. Once downloaded or received, theSDK is included as part of the application code of a web-based externalresource. The code of the web-based resource can then call or invokecertain functions of the SDK to integrate features of the messagingclient 104 into the web-based resource.

The SDK stored on the messaging server 118 effectively provides thebridge between an external resource (e.g., third-party or externalapplications 109 or applets and the messaging client 104). This providesthe user with a seamless experience of communicating with other users onthe messaging client 104, while also preserving the look and feel of themessaging client 104. To bridge communications between an externalresource and a messaging client 104, in certain examples, the SDKfacilitates communication between external resource servers 110 and themessaging client 104. In certain examples, a Web ViewJavaScriptBridgerunning on a client device 102 establishes two one-way communicationchannels between an external resource and the messaging client 104.Messages are sent between the external resource and the messaging client104 via these communication channels asynchronously. Each SDK functioninvocation is sent as a message and callback. Each SDK function isimplemented by constructing a unique callback identifier and sending amessage with that callback identifier.

By using the SDK, not all information from the messaging client 104 isshared with external resource servers 110. The SDK limits whichinformation is shared based on the needs of the external resource. Incertain examples, each external resource server 110 provides an HTML5file corresponding to the web-based external resource to the messagingserver 118. The messaging server 118 can add a visual representation(such as a box art or other graphic) of the web-based external resourcein the messaging client 104. Once the user selects the visualrepresentation or instructs the messaging client 104 through a graphicaluser interface (GUI) of the messaging client 104 to access features ofthe web-based external resource, the messaging client 104 obtains theHTML5 file and instantiates the resources necessary to access thefeatures of the web-based external resource.

The messaging client 104 presents a GUI (e.g., a landing page or titlescreen) for an external resource. During, before, or after presentingthe landing page or title screen, the messaging client 104 determineswhether the launched external resource has been previously authorized toaccess user data of the messaging client 104. In response to determiningthat the launched external resource has been previously authorized toaccess user data of the messaging client 104, the messaging client 104presents another GUI of the external resource that includes functionsand features of the external resource. In response to determining thatthe launched external resource has not been previously authorized toaccess user data of the messaging client 104, after a threshold periodof time (e.g., 3 seconds) of displaying the landing page or title screenof the external resource, the messaging client 104 slides up (e.g.,animates a menu as surfacing from a bottom of the screen to a middle ofor other portion of the screen) a menu for authorizing the externalresource to access the user data. The menu identifies the type of userdata that the external resource will be authorized to use. In responseto receiving a user selection of an accept option, the messaging client104 adds the external resource to a list of authorized externalresources and allows the external resource to access user data from themessaging client 104. In some examples, the external resource isauthorized by the messaging client 104 to access the user data inaccordance with an OAuth 2 framework.

The messaging client 104 controls the type of user data that is sharedwith external resources based on the type of external resource beingauthorized. For example, external resources that include full-scaleexternal applications (e.g., a third-party or external application 109)are provided with access to a first type of user data (e.g., onlytwo-dimensional (2D) avatars of users with or without different avatarcharacteristics). As another example, external resources that includesmall-scale versions of external applications (e.g., web-based versionsof third-party applications) are provided with access to a second typeof user data (e.g., payment information, 2D avatars of users, 3D avatarsof users, and avatars with various avatar characteristics). Avatarcharacteristics include different ways to customize a look and feel ofan avatar, such as different poses, facial features, clothing, and soforth.

An AR item placement system 224 receives an image or video from a clientdevice 102 that depicts a real-world environment (e.g., a room in ahome). The AR item placement system 224 detects one or more real-worldobjects depicted in the image or video and uses the detected one or morereal-world objects (or features of the real-world environment) tocompute a classification for the real-world environment. For example,the AR item placement system 224 can classify the real-world environmentas a kitchen, a bedroom, a nursery, a toddler room, a teenager room, anoffice, a living room, a den, a formal living room, a patio, a deck, abalcony, a bathroom, or any other suitable home-based roomclassification. Once classified, the AR item placement system 224identifies one or more items (such as physical products orelectronically consumable content items) related to the real-worldenvironment classification. The identified one or more items can beitems that are available for purchase.

The AR item placement system 224 retrieves AR representations of theidentified items. The AR item placement system 224 presents a list ofthe AR representations for the user to select. In response to receivinginput from the user selecting a first AR representation, the AR itemplacement system 224 presents a marker in the video feed that depictsthe real-world environment. The marker specifies a 3D placement andorientation for the corresponding first AR representation of the item.The marker can have a shape that is generated based on an outline of thecorresponding AR representation. For example, the AR item placementsystem 224 can generate a segmentation of the AR representation andgenerate a marker that represents a border of the segmentation of the ARrepresentation. The center of the marker can be blank or clear (allowingthe underlying video feed over which the marker is displayed to be seen)or filled with a specified color blocking the underlying video feed. Byusing the marker and moving a camera around that is being used tocapture the video feed, the user can see where the AR representationwill ultimately be placed in the real-world environment.

In an example, the AR item placement system 224 can obtain placement andorientation parameters for the AR representation. The AR item placementsystem 224 can determine a current placement and orientation of themarker within the video feed. The AR item placement system 224 candetermine whether the current placement and orientation of the markermatches the placement and orientation parameters of the ARrepresentation. The placement and orientation parameters can include fitdata specifying minimum or maximum dimensions of free space needed tofit the AR representation in 3D space of the real-world environment. Theplacement and orientation parameters can specify whether the ARrepresentation can be placed in a placement and orientation thatoverlaps an interfering real-world object (e.g., whether the ARrepresentation can be displayed on top of a real-world object includedin the real-world environment). For example, the AR representation cancorrespond to a television that can be placed on a television stand orhung on a wall. In such cases, the placement and orientation parameterscan specify that the placement and orientation of the AR representationcannot overlap an interfering real-world object (e.g., a real-worldtelevision) if the interfering real-world object is on the wall (a firstportion of the real-world environment). The placement and orientationparameters can specify that the placement and orientation of the ARrepresentation can overlap an interfering real-world object (e.g., areal-world table or television stand) if the interfering real-worldobject is on the floor (a second portion of the real-world environment).

In response to determining that the current placement and orientation ofthe marker fails to match the placement and orientation parameters ofthe AR representation, the AR item placement system 224 maintainsdisplay of the marker in the video feed (e.g., as an overlay in thereal-world environment). In response to determining that the currentplacement and orientation of the marker matches the placement andorientation parameters of the AR representation, the AR item placementsystem 224 replaces a display of the marker in the video feed with adisplay of the AR representation.

In some examples, the AR item placement system 224 determines that thecamera used to capture the image or video on which the AR representationis displayed has been panned or moved away from the placement of the ARrepresentation. For example, after the AR representation is placed in aparticular position in the real-world environment, the camera can beturned 180 degrees so that the AR representation is behind a view of thecamera currently being depicted. In such cases, the AR item placementsystem 224 can present an indicator that identifies and guides the userto the position of the AR representation (also referred to as the ARitem). The indicator can include an image, video, or animation (orreal-world environment classification) that represents the AR item andan arrow that points in the direction of the AR item. As the camera ismoved around the real-world environment, the indicator is updated inreal-time to always point towards the direction of the AR item in thereal-world environment. When the camera is panned or moved to capture animage or video of the real-world environment on which the AR item hasbeen placed, the indicator is removed from the display as the AR item isbrought into view. In some cases, multiple AR items can be added to thereal-world environment. In such circumstances, multiple indicators eachassociated with a different one of the multiple AR items can bedisplayed to indicate and guide the user to the position in thereal-world environment where the corresponding AR items are placed. Anillustrative implementation of the AR item placement system 224 is shownand described in connection with FIG. 5 below.

The AR item placement system 224 is a component that can be accessed byan AR/VR application implemented on the client device 102. The AR/VRapplication uses an RGB camera to capture an image of a room in a home.The AR/VR application applies various trained machine learningtechniques on the captured image or video of the real-world environmentto classify the real-world environment. The AR/VR application includes adepth sensor to generate depth data. The depth data can be used togenerate a 3D model of the real-world environment that is captured inorder to incorporate or place into the image or video the ARrepresentations and markers of the AR representations and indicators ofthe positions of the AR representations. For example, the AR/VRapplication can add an AR piece of furniture, such as an AR chair orsofa, to the image or video that is captured by the client device 102based on the depth data and the 3D model of the real-world environment.In some implementations, the AR/VR application continuously capturesimages of the real-world environment in real time or periodically tocontinuously or periodically update the AR representations of itemsavailable for purchase. This allows the user to move around in the realworld and see updated AR representations of items available for purchasecorresponding to a current real-world environment depicted in an imageor video in real time.

Data Architecture

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating data structures 300, whichmay be stored in the database 126 of the messaging server system 108,according to certain examples. While the content of the database 126 isshown to comprise a number of tables, it will be appreciated that thedata could be stored in other types of data structures (e.g., as anobject-oriented database).

The database 126 includes message data stored within a message table302. This message data includes, for any particular one message, atleast message sender data, message recipient (or receiver) data, and apayload. Further details regarding information that may be included in amessage, and included within the message data stored in the messagetable 302, are described below with reference to FIG. 4 .

An entity table 306 stores entity data and is linked (e.g.,referentially) to an entity graph 308 and profile data 316. Entities forwhich records are maintained within the entity table 306 may includeindividuals, corporate entities, organizations, objects, places, events,and so forth. Regardless of entity type, any entity regarding which themessaging server system 108 stores data may be a recognized entity. Eachentity is provided with a unique identifier, as well as an entity typeidentifier (not shown).

The entity graph 308 stores information regarding relationships andassociations between entities. Such relationships may be social,professional (e.g., work at a common corporation or organization),interested-based, or activity-based, merely for example.

The profile data 316 stores multiple types of profile data about aparticular entity. The profile data 316 may be selectively used andpresented to other users of the messaging system 100, based on privacysettings specified by a particular entity. Where the entity is anindividual, the profile data 316 includes, for example, a user name,telephone number, address, and settings (e.g., notification and privacysettings), as well as a user-selected avatar representation (orcollection of such avatar representations). A particular user may thenselectively include one or more of these avatar representations withinthe content of messages communicated via the messaging system 100, andon map interfaces displayed by messaging clients 104 to other users. Thecollection of avatar representations may include “status avatars,” whichpresent a graphical representation of a status or activity that the usermay select to communicate at a particular time.

Where the entity is a group, the profile data 316 for the group maysimilarly include one or more avatar representations associated with thegroup, in addition to the group name, members, and various settings(e.g., notifications) for the relevant group.

The database 126 also stores augmentation data, such as overlays orfilters, in an augmentation table 310. The augmentation data isassociated with and applied to videos (for which data is stored in avideo table 304) and images (for which data is stored in an image table312).

The database 126 can also store data pertaining to individual and sharedAR sessions. This data can include data communicated between an ARsession client controller of a first client device 102 and another ARsession client controller of a second client device 102, and datacommunicated between the AR session client controller and theaugmentation system 208. Data can include data used to establish thecommon coordinate frame of the shared AR scene, the transformationbetween the devices, the session identifier, images depicting a body,skeletal joint positions, wrist joint positions, feet, and so forth.

Filters, in one example, are overlays that are displayed as overlaid onan image or video during presentation to a recipient user. Filters maybe of various types, including user-selected filters from a set offilters presented to a sending user by the messaging client 104 when thesending user is composing a message. Other types of filters includegeolocation filters (also known as geo-filters), which may be presentedto a sending user based on geographic location. For example, geolocationfilters specific to a neighborhood or special location may be presentedwithin a user interface by the messaging client 104, based ongeolocation information determined by a Global Positioning System (GPS)unit of the client device 102.

Another type of filter is a data filter, which may be selectivelypresented to a sending user by the messaging client 104, based on otherinputs or information gathered by the client device 102 during themessage creation process. Examples of data filters include currenttemperature at a specific location, a current speed at which a sendinguser is traveling, battery life for a client device 102, or the currenttime.

Other augmentation data that may be stored within the image table 312includes AR content items (e.g., corresponding to applying ARexperiences). An AR content item or AR item may be a real-time specialeffect and sound that may be added to an image or a video.

As described above, augmentation data includes AR content items,overlays, image transformations, AR images, and similar terms that referto modifications that may be applied to image data (e.g., videos orimages). This includes real-time modifications, which modify an image asit is captured using device sensors (e.g., one or multiple cameras) of aclient device 102 and then displayed on a screen of the client device102 with the modifications. This also includes modifications to storedcontent, such as video clips in a gallery that may be modified. Forexample, in a client device 102 with access to multiple AR contentitems, a user can use a single video clip with multiple AR content itemsto see how the different AR content items will modify the stored clip.For example, multiple AR content items that apply different pseudorandommovement models can be applied to the same content by selectingdifferent AR content items for the content. Similarly, real-time videocapture may be used with an illustrated modification to show how videoimages currently being captured by sensors of a client device 102 wouldmodify the captured data. Such data may simply be displayed on thescreen and not stored in memory, or the content captured by the devicesensors may be recorded and stored in memory with or without themodifications (or both). In some systems, a preview feature can show howdifferent AR content items will look within different windows in adisplay at the same time. This can, for example, enable multiple windowswith different pseudorandom animations to be viewed on a display at thesame time.

Data and various systems using AR content items or other such transformsystems to modify content using this data can thus involve detection ofobjects (e.g., faces, hands, bodies, cats, dogs, surfaces, objects,etc.), tracking of such objects as they leave, enter, and move aroundthe field of view in video frames, and the modification ortransformation of such objects as they are tracked. In various examples,different methods for achieving such transformations may be used. Someexamples may involve generating a 3D mesh model of the object or objectsand using transformations and animated textures of the model within thevideo to achieve the transformation. In other examples, tracking ofpoints on an object may be used to place an image or texture (which maybe 2D or 3D) at the tracked position. In still further examples, neuralnetwork analysis of video frames may be used to place images, models, ortextures in content (e.g., images or frames of video). AR content itemsthus refer both to the images, models, and textures used to createtransformations in content, as well as to additional modeling andanalysis information needed to achieve such transformations with objectdetection, tracking, and placement.

Real-time video processing can be performed with any kind of video data(e.g., video streams, video files, etc.) saved in a memory of acomputerized system of any kind. For example, a user can load videofiles and save them in a memory of a device or can generate a videostream using sensors of the device. Additionally, any objects can beprocessed using a computer animation model, such as a human's face andparts of a human body, animals, or non-living things such as chairs,cars, or other objects.

In some examples, when a particular modification is selected along withcontent to be transformed, elements to be transformed are identified bythe computing device and then detected and tracked if they are presentin the frames of the video. The elements of the object are modifiedaccording to the request for modification, thus transforming the framesof the video stream. Transformation of frames of a video stream can beperformed by different methods for different kinds of transformation.For example, for transformations of frames mostly referring to changingforms of an object's elements, characteristic points for each element ofan object are calculated (e.g., using an Active Shape Model (ASM) orother known methods). Then, a mesh based on the characteristic points isgenerated for each of the at least one elements of the object. This meshis used in the following stage of tracking the elements of the object inthe video stream. In the process of tracking, the mentioned mesh foreach element is aligned with a position of each element. Then,additional points are generated on the mesh. A set of first points isgenerated for each element based on a request for modification, and aset of second points is generated for each element based on the set offirst points and the request for modification. Then, the frames of thevideo stream can be transformed by modifying the elements of the objecton the basis of the sets of first and second points and the mesh. Insuch a method, a background of the modified object can be changed ordistorted as well by tracking and modifying the background.

In some examples, transformations changing some areas of an object usingits elements can be performed by calculating characteristic points foreach element of an object and generating a mesh based on the calculatedcharacteristic points. Points are generated on the mesh and then variousareas based on the points are generated. The elements of the object arethen tracked by aligning the area for each element with a position foreach of the at least one elements, and properties of the areas can bemodified based on the request for modification, thus transforming theframes of the video stream. Depending on the specific request formodification, properties of the mentioned areas can be transformed indifferent ways. Such modifications may involve changing color of areas;removing at least some part of areas from the frames of the videostream; including one or more new objects into areas which are based ona request for modification; and modifying or distorting the elements ofan area or object. In various examples, any combination of suchmodifications or other similar modifications may be used. For certainmodels to be animated, some characteristic points can be selected ascontrol points to be used in determining the entire state-space ofoptions for the model animation.

In some examples of a computer animation model to transform image datausing face detection, the face is detected on an image with use of aspecific face detection algorithm (e.g., Viola-Jones). Then, an ASMalgorithm is applied to the face region of an image to detect facialfeature reference points.

Other methods and algorithms suitable for face detection can be used.For example, in some examples, features are located using a landmark,which represents a distinguishable point present in most of the imagesunder consideration. For facial landmarks, for example, the location ofthe left eye pupil may be used. If an initial landmark is notidentifiable (e.g., if a person has an eyepatch), secondary landmarksmay be used. Such landmark identification procedures may be used for anysuch objects. In some examples, a set of landmarks forms a shape. Shapescan be represented as vectors using the coordinates of the points in theshape. One shape is aligned to another with a similarity transform(allowing translation, scaling, and rotation) that minimizes the averageEuclidean distance between shape points. The mean shape is the mean ofthe aligned training shapes.

In some examples, a search is started for landmarks from the mean shapealigned to the position and size of the face determined by a global facedetector. Such a search then repeats the steps of suggesting a tentativeshape by adjusting the locations of shape points by template matching ofthe image texture around each point and then conforming the tentativeshape to a global shape model until convergence occurs. In some systems,individual template matches are unreliable, and the shape model poolsthe results of the weak template matches to form a stronger overallclassifier. The entire search is repeated at each level in an imagepyramid, from coarse to fine resolution.

A transformation system can capture an image or video stream on a clientdevice (e.g., the client device 102) and perform complex imagemanipulations locally on the client device 102 while maintaining asuitable user experience, computation time, and power consumption. Thecomplex image manipulations may include size and shape changes, emotiontransfers (e.g., changing a face from a frown to a smile), statetransfers (e.g., aging a subject, reducing apparent age, changinggender), style transfers, graphical element application, and any othersuitable image or video manipulation implemented by a convolutionalneural network that has been configured to execute efficiently on theclient device 102.

In some examples, a computer animation model to transform image data canbe used by a system where a user may capture an image or video stream ofthe user (e.g., a selfie) using a client device 102 having a neuralnetwork operating as part of a messaging client 104 operating on theclient device 102. The transformation system operating within themessaging client 104 determines the presence of a face within the imageor video stream and provides modification icons associated with acomputer animation model to transform image data, or the computeranimation model can be present as associated with an interface describedherein. The modification icons include changes that may be the basis formodifying the user's face within the image or video stream as part ofthe modification operation. Once a modification icon is selected, thetransformation system initiates a process to convert the image of theuser to reflect the selected modification icon (e.g., generate a smilingface on the user). A modified image or video stream may be presented ina graphical user interface displayed on the client device 102 as soon asthe image or video stream is captured and a specified modification isselected. The transformation system may implement a complexconvolutional neural network on a portion of the image or video streamto generate and apply the selected modification. That is, the user maycapture the image or video stream and be presented with a modifiedresult in real-time or near real-time once a modification icon has beenselected. Further, the modification may be persistent while the videostream is being captured and the selected modification icon remainstoggled. Machine-taught neural networks may be used to enable suchmodifications.

The GUI, presenting the modification performed by the transformationsystem, may supply the user with additional interaction options. Suchoptions may be based on the interface used to initiate the contentcapture and selection of a particular computer animation model (e.g.,initiation from a content creator user interface). In various examples,a modification may be persistent after an initial selection of amodification icon. The user may toggle the modification on or off bytapping or otherwise selecting the face being modified by thetransformation system and store it for later viewing or browse to otherareas of the imaging application. Where multiple faces are modified bythe transformation system, the user may toggle the modification on oroff globally by tapping or selecting a single face modified anddisplayed within a GUI. In some examples, individual faces, among agroup of multiple faces, may be individually modified, or suchmodifications may be individually toggled by tapping or selecting theindividual face or a series of individual faces displayed within theGUI.

A story table 314 stores data regarding collections of messages andassociated image, video, or audio data, which are compiled into acollection (e.g., a story or a gallery). The creation of a particularcollection may be initiated by a particular user (e.g., each user forwhich a record is maintained in the entity table 306). A user may createa “personal story” in the form of a collection of content that has beencreated and sent/broadcast by that user. To this end, the user interfaceof the messaging client 104 may include an icon that is user-selectableto enable a sending user to add specific content to his or her personalstory.

A collection may also constitute a “live story,” which is a collectionof content from multiple users that is created manually, automatically,or using a combination of manual and automatic techniques. For example,a “live story” may constitute a curated stream of user-submitted contentfrom various locations and events. Users whose client devices havelocation services enabled and are at a common location event at aparticular time may, for example, be presented with an option, via auser interface of the messaging client 104, to contribute content to aparticular live story. The live story may be identified to the user bythe messaging client 104, based on his or her location. The end resultis a “live story” told from a community perspective.

A further type of content collection is known as a “location story,”which enables a user whose client device 102 is located within aspecific geographic location (e.g., on a college or university campus)to contribute to a particular collection. In some examples, acontribution to a location story may require a second degree ofauthentication to verify that the end user belongs to a specificorganization or other entity (e.g., is a student on the universitycampus).

As mentioned above, the video table 304 stores video data that, in oneexample, is associated with messages for which records are maintainedwithin the message table 302. Similarly, the image table 312 storesimage data associated with messages for which message data is stored inthe entity table 306. The entity table 306 may associate variousaugmentations from the augmentation table 310 with various images andvideos stored in the image table 312 and the video table 304.

The data structures 300 can also store training data for training one ormore machine learning techniques (models) to classify a room (real-worldenvironment) in a home or household. The training data can include aplurality of images and videos and their corresponding ground-truth roomclassifications. The images and videos can include a mix of all sorts ofreal-world objects that can appear in different rooms in a home orhousehold. The one or more machine learning techniques can be trained toextract features of a received input image or video and establish arelationship between the extracted features and a room classification.Once trained, the machine learning technique can receive a new image orvideo and can compute a room (real-world environment) classification forthe newly received image or video.

The data structures 300 can also store a list or plurality of differentexpected objects for different room classifications. For example, thedata structures 300 can store a first list of expected objects for afirst room classification. Namely, a room classified as a kitchen can beassociated with a list of expected objects, such as appliances and/orfurniture items including: tea maker, toaster, kettle, mixer,refrigerator, blender, cabinet, cupboard, cooker hood, range hood,microwave, dish soap, kitchen counter, dinner table, kitchen scale,pedal bin, grill, and drawer. As another example, a room classified as aliving room can be associated with a list of expected objects including:wing chair, TV stand, sofa, cushion, telephone, television, speaker, endtable, tea set, fireplace, remote, fan, floor lamp, carpet, table,blinds, curtains, picture, vase, and grandfather clock.

As another example, a room classified as a bedroom can be associatedwith a list of expected objects, such as furniture items including:headboard, footboard and mattress frame, mattress and box springs,mattress pad, sheets and pillowcases, blankets, quilts, comforter,bedspread, duvet, bedskirt, sleeping pillows, specialty pillows,decorative pillows, pillow covers and shams, throws (blankets),draperies, rods, brackets, valances, window shades, blinds, shutters,nightstands, occasional tables; lamps: floor, table, hanging; wallsconces, alarm clock, radio, plants and plant containers, vases,flowers, candles, candleholders, artwork, posters, prints, photos,frames, photo albums, decorative objects and knick-knacks, dressers andclothing, armoire, closet, television (TV) cabinet, chairs, loveseat,chaise lounge, ottoman, bookshelves, decorative ledges, books,magazines, bookends, trunk, bench, writing desk, vanity table, mirrors,rugs, jewelry boxes and jewelry, storage boxes, baskets, trays,telephone; television, cable box, satellite box, DVD player and videos,tablets, and nightlight.

Data Communications Architecture

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a structure of a message 400,according to some examples, generated by a messaging client 104 forcommunication to a further messaging client 104 or the messaging server118. The content of a particular message 400 is used to populate themessage table 302 stored within the database 126, accessible by themessaging server 118. Similarly, the content of a message 400 is storedin memory as “in-transit” or “in-flight” data of the client device 102or the application servers 114. A message 400 is shown to include thefollowing example components:

-   -   message identifier 402: a unique identifier that identifies the        message 400.    -   message text payload 404: text, to be generated by a user via a        user interface of the client device 102, and that is included in        the message 400.    -   message image payload 406: image data, captured by a camera        component of a client device 102 or retrieved from a memory        component of a client device 102, and that is included in the        message 400. Image data for a sent or received message 400 may        be stored in the image table 312.    -   message video payload 408: video data, captured by a camera        component or retrieved from a memory component of the client        device 102, and that is included in the message 400. Video data        for a sent or received message 400 may be stored in the video        table 304.    -   message audio payload 410: audio data, captured by a microphone        or retrieved from a memory component of the client device 102,        and that is included in the message 400.    -   message augmentation data 412: augmentation data (e.g., filters,        stickers, or other annotations or enhancements) that represents        augmentations to be applied to message image payload 406,        message video payload 408, or message audio payload 410 of the        message 400. Augmentation data 412 for a sent or received        message 400 may be stored in the augmentation table 310.    -   message duration parameter 414: parameter value indicating, in        seconds, the amount of time for which content of the message        (e.g., the message image payload 406, message video payload 408,        message audio payload 410) is to be presented or made accessible        to a user via the messaging client 104.    -   message geolocation parameter 416: geolocation data (e.g.,        latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates) associated with the        content payload of the message. Multiple message geolocation        parameter 416 values may be included in the payload, each of        these parameter values being associated with respect to content        items included in the content (e.g., a specific image within the        message image payload 406, or a specific video in the message        video payload 408).    -   message story identifier 418: identifier values identifying one        or more content collections (e.g., “stories” identified in the        story table 314) with which a particular content item in the        message image payload 406 of the message 400 is associated. For        example, multiple images within the message image payload 406        may each be associated with multiple content collections using        identifier values.    -   message tag 420: each message 400 may be tagged with multiple        tags, each of which is indicative of the subject matter of        content included in the message payload. For example, where a        particular image included in the message image payload 406        depicts an animal (e.g., a lion), a tag value may be included        within the message tag 420 that is indicative of the relevant        animal. Tag values may be generated manually, based on user        input, or may be automatically generated using, for example,        image recognition.    -   message sender identifier 422: an identifier (e.g., a messaging        system identifier, email address, or device identifier)        indicative of a user of the client device 102 on which the        message 400 was generated and from which the message 400 was        sent.    -   message receiver identifier 424: an identifier (e.g., a        messaging system identifier, email address, or device        identifier) indicative of a user of the client device 102 to        which the message 400 is addressed.

The contents (e.g., values) of the various components of message 400 maybe pointers to locations in tables within which content data values arestored. For example, an image value in the message image payload 406 maybe a pointer to (or address of) a location within an image table 312.Similarly, values within the message video payload 408 may point to datastored within a video table 304, values stored within the messageaugmentation data 412 may point to data stored in an augmentation table310, values stored within the message story identifier 418 may point todata stored in a story table 314, and values stored within the messagesender identifier 422 and the message receiver identifier 424 may pointto user records stored within an entity table 306.

AR Item Placement System

FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an example AR item placement system224, according to example examples. The AR item placement system 224includes a set of components 510 that operate on a set of input data(e.g., a monocular image (or video)) depicting a real-world environment501 and depth map data 502 (obtained from a depth sensor or camera of aclient device 102). The AR item placement system 224 includes an objectdetection module 512, a real-world environment classification module514, a depth reconstruction module 517 (which can be used to generate a3D model of the real-world environment), a position and orientationmodule 516, an image modification module 518, an AR item selectionmodule 519, and an image display module 520. All or some of thecomponents of the AR item placement system 224 can be implemented by aserver, in which case, the monocular image depicting a real-worldenvironment 501 and the depth map data 502 are provided to the server bythe client device 102. In some cases, some or all of the components ofthe AR item placement system 224 can be implemented by the client device102 or can be distributed across a set of client devices 102.

The object detection module 512 receives a monocular image (or video)depicting a real-world environment 501. This image or video can bereceived as part of a real-time video stream, a previously capturedvideo stream, or a new image captured by a camera of the client device102. The object detection module 512 applies one or more machinelearning techniques to identify real-world physical objects that appearin the monocular image depicting a real-world environment 501. Forexample, the object detection module 512 can segment out individualobjects in the image and assign a label or name to the individualobjects. Specifically, the object detection module 512 can recognize asofa as an individual object, a television as another individual object,a light fixture as another individual object, and so forth. Any type ofobject that can appear or be present in a particular real-worldenvironment (e.g., a room in a home or household) can be recognized andlabeled by the object detection module 512.

The object detection module 512 provides the identified and recognizedobjects to the real-world environment classification module 514. Thereal-world environment classification module 514 can compute ordetermine a real-world environment classification of the real-worldenvironment depicted in the monocular image depicting the real-worldenvironment 501 based on the identified and recognized objects receivedfrom the object detection module 512. In some implementations, thereal-world environment classification module 514 compares the objectsreceived from the object detection module 512 to a plurality of lists ofexpected objects each associated with a different real-world environmentclassification that is stored in data structures 300. For example, thereal-world environment classification module 514 can compare the objectsdetected by the object detection module 512 to a first list of expectedobjects associated with a living room classification. The real-worldenvironment classification module 514 can compute a quantity orpercentage of the objects that are detected by the object detectionmodule 512 and that are included in the first list. The real-worldenvironment classification module 514 can assign a relevancy score tothe first list. The real-world environment classification module 514 canthen similarly compare the objects detected by the object detectionmodule 512 to a second list of expected objects associated with anotherreal-world environment classification (e.g., a kitchen). The real-worldenvironment classification module 514 can then compute a quantity orpercentage of the objects that are detected by the object detectionmodule 512 and that are included in the second list and can assign arelevancy score to the second list. The real-world environmentclassification module 514 can identify which of the lists that arestored in the data structures 300 is associated with a highest relevancyscore. The real-world environment classification module 514 can thendetermine or compute the real-world environment classification of thereal-world environment depicted in the monocular image depicting thereal-world environment 501 based on the real-world environmentclassification associated with the identified list of expected objectswith the highest relevancy score.

In another implementation, the real-world environment classificationmodule 514 can implement one or more machine learning techniques toclassify a real-world environment. The machine learning techniques canimplement a classifier neural network that is trained to establish arelationship between one or more features of an image of a real-worldenvironment with a corresponding real-world environment classification.

During training, the machine learning technique of the real-worldenvironment classification module 514 receives a given training image(e.g., a monocular image or video depicting a real-world environment,such as an image of a living room or bedroom) from training image datastored in data structures 300. The real-world environment classificationmodule 514 applies one or more machine learning techniques on the giventraining image. The real-world environment classification module 514extracts one or more features from the given training image to estimatea real-world environment classification for the real-world environmentdepicted in the image or video. For example, the real-world environmentclassification module 514 obtains the given training image depicting areal-world environment and extracts features from the image thatcorrespond to the real-world objects that appear in the real-worldenvironment. In some cases, rather than receiving an image depicting areal-world environment, the real-world environment classification module514 receives a list or plurality of objects detected by another moduleor machine learning technique. The real-world environment classificationmodule 514 is trained to determine a real-world environmentclassification based on the features of the objects received from theother machine learning technique.

The real-world environment classification module 514 determines therelative positions of the detected real-world objects and/or features ofthe monocular image depicting the real-world environment 501. Thereal-world environment classification module 514 then estimates orcomputes a real-world environment classification based on the relativepositions of the detected real-world objects and/or features of themonocular image depicting the real-world environment 501. The real-worldenvironment classification module 514 obtains a known or predeterminedground-truth real-world environment classification of the real-worldenvironment depicted in the training image from the training data. Thereal-world environment classification module 514 compares (computes adeviation between) the estimated real-world environment classificationwith the ground truth real-world environment classification. Based on adifference threshold of the comparison (or deviation), the real-worldenvironment classification module 514 updates one or more coefficientsor parameters and obtains one or more additional training images of areal-world environment. In some cases, the real-world environmentclassification module 514 is first trained on a set of images associatedwith one real-world environment classification and is then trained onanother set of images associated with another real-world environmentclassification.

After a specified number of epochs or batches of training images havebeen processed and/or when a difference threshold (or deviation)(computed as a function of a difference or deviation between theestimated classification and the ground-truth classification) reaches aspecified value, the real-world environment classification module 514completes training and the parameters and coefficients of the real-worldenvironment classification module 514 are stored as a trained machinelearning technique or trained classifier.

In an example, after training, the real-world environment classificationmodule 514 receives a monocular input image depicting a real-worldenvironment 501 as a single RGB image from a client device 102 or as avideo of multiple images. The real-world environment classificationmodule 514 applies the trained machine learning technique(s) to thereceived input image to extract one or more features and to generate aprediction or estimation or real-world environment classification of themonocular image depicting a real-world environment 501.

The real-world environment classification module 514 provides thereal-world environment classification to the position and orientationmodule 516. The position and orientation module 516 obtains a list orplurality of AR representations of real-world objects stored in the datastructures 300 that is associated with the real-world environmentclassification. For example, the position and orientation module 516obtains a list including: headboard, footboard and mattress frame,mattress and box springs, mattress pad, sheets and pillowcases,blankets, quilts, comforter, bedspread, duvet, bedskirt, sleepingpillows, specialty pillows, decorative pillows, pillow covers and shams,throws (blankets), draperies, rods, brackets, valances, window shades,blinds, shutters, nightstands, occasional tables; lamps: floor, table,hanging; wall sconces, alarm clock, radio, plants and plant containers,vases, flowers, candles, candleholders, artwork, posters, prints,photos, frames, photo albums, decorative objects and knick-knacks,dressers and clothing, armoire, closet, TV cabinet, chairs, loveseat,chaise lounge, ottoman, bookshelves, decorative ledges, books,magazines, bookends, trunk, bench, writing desk, vanity table, mirrors,rugs, jewelry boxes and jewelry, storage boxes, baskets, trays,telephone; television, cable box, satellite box, DVD player and videos,tablets, and nightlight.

The position and orientation module 516 communicates the list of ARrepresentations to the AR item selection module 519. In one example, theAR item selection module 519 can present the list to a user in a GUI.The list can be presented as an overlay on top of the real-worldenvironment depicted in the image or video captured by the camera of theclient device 102. The list can include pictorial representations ofeach AR representation on the list and/or textual labels that identifyeach AR representation on the list. The AR item selection module 519 canreceive input from a user that selects a given AR representation fromthe list. In response, the AR item selection module 519 communicates theselected AR representation to the position and orientation module 516.In another example, the AR item selection module 519 can access a userprofile. The AR item selection module 519 can automatically select an ARrepresentation from the list based on the user profile. Namely, the ARitem selection module 519 can select an AR representation that bestmatches interests or preferences of the user stored in the user profile.In some examples, the AR item selection module 519 can select a given ARrepresentation that corresponds to a context or discussion that isdetermined from a conversation that includes a list of messagesexchanged between the user and one or more friends.

The position and orientation module 516 receives the selection of the ARrepresentation and obtains one or more position and orientationparameters associated with the AR representation. The one or moreposition and orientation parameters are used to place the ARrepresentation within the real-world environment depicted in the imageor video. In some cases, the position and orientation parameters includea prioritized list of possible positions and orientations for the ARrepresentation. For example, the position and orientation parameters canspecify a wall real-world object as a top ranked position andorientation for the AR representation. The position and orientationparameters can specify a floor real-world object as a lower rankedposition and orientation for the AR representation. The position andorientation module 516 can control which position and orientation isrecommended for the AR representation based on determining whether eachposition and orientation is available or unavailable starting with thetop ranked position and orientation. The position and orientationparameters can also store or specify fit data (including dimensions ofthe AR representation), which can be used to compute a minimum availableof free space (e.g., area free of (area that fails to include)real-world objects, such as TVs, refrigerators, couches, and so forth,that are not physical parts of the real-world environment itself, suchas walls, ceilings and floors) needed to place the AR representation.The position and orientation module 516 communicates with the depthreconstruction module 517 to obtain a 3D model of the real-worldenvironment.

The depth reconstruction module 517 receives depth map data 502 from adepth sensor, a LiDAR sensor, or depth camera of the client device 102.The depth reconstruction module 517 can generate a 3D model (mesh)representation or reconstruction of the real-world environment depictedin the image or video captured by the client device 102. The depthreconstruction module 517 can provide the 3D model representation orreconstruction of the room to the position and orientation module 516.The depth reconstruction module 517 can also compute an orientation ofone or more vertical and horizontal planes or surfaces depicted in theimage or video captured by the client device 102. In one example, theorientation of a given plane can be computed by determining an angleformed between a normal of the camera of the client device and two ormore points on the given plane. In another example, the orientation canbe computed by computing a distance between a first point on the givenplane intersected by a first ray projected from the client device 102towards the given plane and a second point intersected by a second rayprojected from the client device 102 towards the given plane. Theorientation can be used to adjust an orientation of the ARrepresentation that is added to the image or video.

Based on the 3D mesh representation or reconstruction, the position andorientation module 516 can further refine which of the list of 3Dpositions and orientations stored in the position and orientationparameters of the AR representation are available. For example, theposition and orientation module 516 can determine, based on the 3D modelof the real-world environment, that there exists a TV or otherreal-world object on a wall in the real-world environment. In suchcases, the position and orientation module 516 can determine that thewall position and orientation stored as having the highest priority inthe list of position and orientations for the AR representation is notavailable. In response, the position and orientation module 516 canselect another position and orientation for the AR representation thatis next in the prioritized list after the wall, such as the floor. Theposition and orientation module 516 can compute dimensions representingfree space on the floor based on the 3D model of the real-worldenvironment. The position and orientation module 516 can compare thedimensions representing free space on the floor to the dimensionsassociated with the AR representation. In response to determining thatthe dimensions match or that the available dimensions exceed thedimensions associated with the AR representation, the position andorientation module 516 can determine that the AR representation can beplaced on the floor of the real-world environment.

The position and orientation module 516 can generate a marker thatrepresents the AR representation. In an example, the position andorientation module 516 can obtain a 3D model of the real-world objectcorresponding to the AR representation. The position and orientationmodule 516 can generate a segmentation of the 3D model to identifyborders of the 3D model of the real-world object. The position andorientation module 516 can generate a marker that includes an outline ofthe borders of the 3D model. In some cases, the marker can include apartially transparent graphical depiction of the real-world object. Theposition and orientation module 516 can adjust an orientation of themarker to correspond to the orientation determined for the surface orplane on which the marker is placed in the image or video.

The position and orientation module 516 communicates the position andorientation parameters of the AR representation, the 3D model of thereal-world environment, the position and orientation that has beendetermined to be available, and the marker to the image modificationmodule 518. The image modification module 518 adds the marker as anoverlay on top of the image or video depicting the real-worldenvironment. The marker, if placed on a vertical plane in the image orvideo, is oriented in the same manner as the orientation of thedepiction of the vertical plane. This orientation is locked so that asthe marker is moved around the image or video based on input from auser, the marker continues to be oriented in the same orientation as thesurface while the marker is moved around the vertical surface. Namely,the angle of the marker along a surface normal of the camera of theclient device 102 can remain locked in position while the marker ismoved around the vertical plane or surface in other directions. Thismaintains the illusion that the marker is placed on the vertical planeor surface while being dragged around to new positions along thesurface. This results in an appearance of the marker as being hung orplaced on the vertical plane (e.g., the wall). If the marker is placedon a floor or horizontal surface, the orientation of the marker isadjusted to match or correspond to the orientation of the horizontalsurface.

The image modification module 518 instructs the image display module 520to display the image or video depicting the real-world environment withthe marker to the user. The marker can be initially displayed at a first3D position and orientation. The first 3D position and orientation canbe a default 3D position and orientation, such as at a center of adisplay depicting the real-world environment. In other implementations,the image modification module 518 automatically displays the marker inthe real-world environment at a 3D position and orientation that satisfyor correspond to the position and orientation parameters of the ARrepresentation. For example, the image modification module 518 candetermine that there is free space on a wall in the real-worldenvironment that can fit the AR representation. In such cases, the imagemodification module 518 can automatically position the marker on thewall and request input from the user to replace the marker with the ARrepresentation (AR item) after the user confirms the automatic placementand orientation.

The position and orientation module 516 can store 3D coordinates of theAR representation that represent the position and placement of the ARrepresentation in the real-world environment. In some cases, the 3Dcoordinates represent the 3D coordinates of the border of the ARrepresentation and/or the corners of the AR representation.Specifically, the 3D coordinates specify the location within the 3Dmodel of the real-world environment. Based on the 3D coordinates, theposition and orientation module 516 can determine whether the image orvideo currently being output and displayed on the image display module520 includes or excludes any portion of the AR representation. If theimage or video currently being output includes a minimum portion (e.g.,at least 25%) of the AR representation, the position and orientationmodule 516 can instruct the image display module 520 to display the ARrepresentation and remove an indicator of a position of the ARrepresentation from being displayed. If the image or video currentlybeing output fails to include the minimum portion of the ARrepresentation, the position and orientation module 516 can instruct theimage display module 520 to display an indicator of the position of theAR representation. The indicator can continuously be updated inreal-time to indicate and point to the direction of the ARrepresentation in the real-world environment. In some cases, the minimumportion amount can differ based on an object type and/or based on areal-world classification.

In an example, the position and orientation module 516 can receive arange of 3D coordinates of a portion of the real-world environmentcurrently being displayed by the image display module 520. The positionand orientation module 516 compares the 3D coordinates to the 3Dcoordinates of the AR representation. The position and orientationmodule 516 can determine that the 3D coordinates of the ARrepresentation fall outside the range of the 3D coordinates of theportion of the real-world environment. In response, the position andorientation module 516 generates an indicator that represents the ARrepresentation. The indicator can be a circle, square or other objectthat depicts an image, video, or animation that represents the ARrepresentation. The position and orientation module 516 can display theindicator on the display as an overlay on top of the image or videocurrently being displayed by the image display module 520.

The position and orientation module 516 can position the indicator at alocation on the screen based on the 3D coordinates of the ARrepresentation. For example, the position and orientation module 516 candetermine that a difference between the 3D coordinates of the ARrepresentation and the range of 3D coordinates of the portion of thereal-world environment indicate that the AR representation is above theportion of the real-world environment currently being displayed. Inresponse, the position and orientation module 516 can place theindicator at a top portion of the display and with an arrow that pointsup. This indicates to the user that the AR representation is above theportion of the real-world environment currently being output on thedisplay. The position and orientation module 516 can determine that thecamera used to capture the portion of the real-world environment hasbeen moved or panned up along the direction of the indicator. As anotherexample, the position and orientation module 516 can determine that adifference between the 3D coordinates of the AR representation and therange of 3D coordinates of the portion of the real-world environmentindicate that the AR representation is to the left of the portion of thereal-world environment currently being displayed. In response, theposition and orientation module 516 can place the indicator at a leftportion of the display and with an arrow that points left. Thisindicates to the user that the AR representation is to the left of theportion of the real-world environment currently being output on thedisplay. The position and orientation module 516 can determine that thecamera used to capture the portion of the real-world environment hasbeen moved or panned up or to the left along the direction of theindicator.

As the camera is moved, the position and orientation module 516continuously updates the range of 3D coordinates of a portion of thereal-world environment currently being displayed by the image displaymodule 520. The position and orientation module 516 continuouslycompares the range of 3D coordinates of the portion of the real-worldenvironment to the 3D coordinates of the AR representation. The positionand orientation module 516 can determine that a first portion of the 3Dcoordinates of the AR representation are within the range of 3Dcoordinates. The position and orientation module 516 can compute a sizeof a first portion of the AR representation based on the size of thefirst portion of the 3D coordinates of the AR representation. Namely, aportion of the AR representation (e.g., a bottom corner) may currentlybe in view of the camera but not the entire AR representation. Theposition and orientation module 516 can obtain a minimum portionthreshold associated with the AR representation. The position andorientation module 516 can compare the size of the portion of the ARrepresentation to the minimum portion threshold. In response todetermining that the size of the portion of the AR representationtransgresses the minimum portion threshold, the position and orientationmodule 516 removes the indicator from the display and displays theportion of the AR representation. In response to determining that thesize of the portion of the AR representation fails to transgress theminimum portion threshold, the position and orientation module 516continues to display the indicator together with a display of theportion of the AR representation. This informs the user about thedirection to pan or move the camera to bring into view more portions ofthe AR representation.

In an example, as the camera is moved around, the position andorientation module 516 continuously updates a placement of theindicator. In an example, the position and orientation module 516rotates the indicator clockwise or counterclockwise about a centralpoint or axis of the display in a circle. Specifically, the position andorientation module 516 rotates the indicator along 360 degrees based onthe 3D coordinates of the AR representation (AR item) relative to therange of 3D coordinates currently associated with a portion of thereal-world environment that is being displayed. For example, if theposition and orientation module 516 determines that the ARrepresentation is above a current view of the real-world environment,the position and orientation module 516 can display the indicator on atop portion of the display. The position and orientation module 516 candetermine that the camera is panned to the left relative to the 3Dcoordinates of the AR representation. In response, the position andorientation module 516 rotates the indicator clockwise to continuepointing to the direction of the AR representation. The position andorientation module 516 can determine that the camera is panned to theright relative to the 3D coordinates of the AR representation. Inresponse, the position and orientation module 516 rotates the indicatorcounterclockwise to continue pointing to the direction of the ARrepresentation. The position and orientation module 516 can determinethat the AR representation is directly behind the camera (e.g., 180degrees relative to the current view of the real-world environment beingoutput on the screen). In such cases, the position and orientationmodule 516 can animate the indicator to spin around or bounce up anddown or display the words turn around. This informs the user to turn 180degrees to reach the AR representation.

In some cases, the position and orientation module 516 can receive inputfrom a user that places multiple AR representations in different placesin the real-world environment. The position and orientation module 516can store the 3D coordinates of the borders of each of the multiple ARrepresentations. The position and orientation module 516 can determinethat the 3D coordinates of a first of the multiple AR representationsand a second of the multiple AR representations are outside of the rangeof 3D coordinates of the portion of the real-world environment currentlybeing displayed. In response, the position and orientation module 516displays a first indicator that visually identifies the first ARrepresentation and a second indicator that visually identifies thesecond AR representation. The position and orientation module 516 candisplay the first indicator and move the first AR indicator clockwise orcounterclockwise around a first circle with a first diameter. Theposition and orientation module 516 can display the second indicator andmove the second AR indicator clockwise or counterclockwise around asecond circle with a second diameter smaller than the first diameter.The second indicator can thereby be rotated around the second circlethat is within or inside of the first circle.

The position and orientation module 516 rotates each of the first andsecond indicators around their respective first and second circles inthe same or different directions. The directions which the position andorientation module 516 rotates the first and second indicators depend onthe 3D coordinates of the corresponding first and second ARrepresentations relative to the 3D coordinates of the portion of thereal-world environment being displayed. As discussed above, when aminimum portion of the AR representation comes into view, the positionand orientation module 516 can remove the indicator corresponding to theAR representation while maintaining display of the other indicator ofthe other AR representation.

FIGS. 6-9 are diagrammatic representations of outputs of the ARrecommendation system, in accordance with some examples. Specifically,as shown in FIG. 6 , the AR item placement system 224 receives an imageor video 600 that depicts a real-world environment. The AR itemplacement system 224 receives a user selection of an AR representation620 (e.g., an AR TV) or automatically selects the AR representation 620based on a real-world environment classification. In an example, the ARitem placement system 224 determines that the AR representation 620 hasbeen placed at a particular placement position in the image or video600. The AR item placement system 224 determines that the particularplacement position corresponds to a vertical surface or plane 610 (e.g.,a wall). The AR item placement system 224 determines an orientation ofthe vertical surface or plane 610 and modifies the orientation of the ARrepresentation 620 to correspond to the orientation of the verticalsurface or plane 610. The AR item placement system 224 displays the ARrepresentation 620 within the image or video 600 that depicts thereal-world environment.

The AR item placement system 224 can receive input from a user thatmoves a camera that is used to capture the image or video of thereal-world environment. The camera input can cause a portion of thereal-world environment to be displayed that does not include the ARrepresentation. Namely, the camera can be moved to capture a portion ofthe real-world environment associated with a range of 3D coordinatesthat do not include a minimum portion of the 3D coordinates of the ARrepresentation. Specifically, as shown in the image or video depicted inthe user interface 700 of FIG. 7 , the AR item placement system 224 hasreceived input that moves or pans the camera to capture an image orvideo of another portion 710 of the real-world environment that does notinclude the AR representation 620.

In response, the AR item placement system 224 can display an indicator720 that identifies and points towards a position of the ARrepresentation 620. Namely, the AR item placement system 224 candetermine that the 3D coordinates of the AR representation 620 relativeto the range of 3D coordinates of the portion 710 of the real-worldenvironment are towards the right side of the camera. This can be theresult of panning or moving the camera towards the left when the imageor video 600 including the AR representation 620 is being displayed. Theindicator 720 can include an image or video (e.g., an image of a TV torepresent a AR TV representation 620). The indicator 720 also includesan arrow pointing towards the direction of the AR representation 620.

The AR item placement system 224 can determine that the camera has beenmoved to another direction (e.g., towards the right) relative to theportion 710 of the real-world environment. For example, as shown in theuser interface 800 of FIG. 8 , another portion of the real-worldenvironment is in view. As the camera is moved, the AR item placementsystem 224 rotates the indicator 720 about a central axiscounterclockwise to continue pointing towards the direction of the ARrepresentation 620. Namely, as shown in user interface 800, theindicator 810 now has been rotated counterclockwise relative to theposition shown in FIG. 7 because the camera has been panned towards theright and is now underneath the position of the AR representation 620.Specifically, the indicator 810 points up to indicate to the user thatthe position of the AR representation 620 is above the current view ofthe camera. The indicator 810 includes an arrow 812 to guide the usertowards the direction of the AR representation 620.

The AR item placement system 224 can determine that the 3D coordinatesof the portion of the real-world environment currently being displayedoverlap at least a portion of the 3D coordinates of the position of theAR representation 620. For example, as shown in user interface 900 ofFIG. 9 , the AR item placement system 224 can determine that a portion920 of the AR representation 620 is currently in view, such as becausethe camera has been panned or moved in the direction pointed to by theindicator 910. The AR item placement system 224 can compute a size ofthe portion 920 and compare the size to a minimum size threshold. Inresponse to determining that the size of the portion 920 is less thanthe minimum size threshold, the AR item placement system 224 continuesto display the indicator 910 to continue to inform the user about thedirection the camera needs to be moved to bring more of the ARrepresentation 620 into the camera view. The indicator 910 continues tobe rotated about a central axis in a clockwise or counterclockwisedirection until the size of the portion of the AR representation 620transgresses the minimum size threshold. For example, as shown in FIG. 9, the user interface 901 now includes a view of the real-worldenvironment where the size of the AR representation 922 (correspondingto the AR representation 620) transgresses the minimum size threshold.In this case, the AR item placement system 224 removes the indicator 910from being displayed. The AR item placement system 224 can also animatethe AR representation 922, such as by displaying virtual content (e.g.,a video) on top of or within the AR representation 922.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart of a process 1000, in accordance with someexamples. Although the flowchart can describe the operations as asequential process, many of the operations can be performed in parallelor concurrently. In addition, the order of the operations may bere-arranged. A process is terminated when its operations are completed.A process may correspond to a method, a procedure, and the like. Thesteps of methods may be performed in whole or in part, may be performedin conjunction with some or all of the steps in other methods, and maybe performed by any number of different systems or any portion thereof,such as a processor included in any of the systems.

At operation 1001, a client device 102 receives a video that includes adepiction of one or more real-world objects in a real-world environment,as discussed above.

At operation 1002, the client device 102 generates a 3D model of thereal-world environment based on the video, as discussed above.

At operation 1003, the client device 102 determines, based on the 3Dmodel of the real-world environment, that an AR item has been placed inthe video at a particular 3D position, as discussed above.

At operation 1004, the client device 102 identifies a portion of the 3Dmodel corresponding to the real-world environment currently beingdisplayed on a screen, as discussed above.

At operation 1005, the client device 102 determines that the 3D positionof the AR item is excluded from the portion of the 3D model currentlybeing displayed on the screen, as discussed above.

At operation 1006, the client device 102, in response to determiningthat the 3D position of the AR item is excluded from the portion of the3D model, displays an indicator that identifies the 3D position of theAR item in the 3D model relative to the portion of the 3D modelcurrently being displayed on the screen, as discussed above.

Machine Architecture

FIG. 11 is a diagrammatic representation of the machine 1100 withinwhich instructions 1108 (e.g., software, a program, an application, anapplet, an app, or other executable code) for causing the machine 1100to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein may beexecuted. For example, the instructions 1108 may cause the machine 1100to execute any one or more of the methods described herein. Theinstructions 1108 transform the general, non-programmed machine 1100into a particular machine 1100 programmed to carry out the described andillustrated functions in the manner described. The machine 1100 mayoperate as a standalone device or may be coupled (e.g., networked) toother machines. In a networked deployment, the machine 1100 may operatein the capacity of a server machine or a client machine in aserver-client network environment, or as a peer machine in apeer-to-peer (or distributed) network environment. The machine 1100 maycomprise, but not be limited to, a server computer, a client computer, apersonal computer (PC), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a netbook,a set-top box (STB), a personal digital assistant (PDA), anentertainment media system, a cellular telephone, a smartphone, a mobiledevice, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch), a smart home device(e.g., a smart appliance), other smart devices, a web appliance, anetwork router, a network switch, a network bridge, or any machinecapable of executing the instructions 1108, sequentially or otherwise,that specify actions to be taken by the machine 1100. Further, whileonly a single machine 1100 is illustrated, the term “machine” shall alsobe taken to include a collection of machines that individually orjointly execute the instructions 1108 to perform any one or more of themethodologies discussed herein. The machine 1100, for example, maycomprise the client device 102 or any one of a number of server devicesforming part of the messaging server system 108. In some examples, themachine 1100 may also comprise both client and server systems, withcertain operations of a particular method or algorithm being performedon the server-side and with certain operations of the particular methodor algorithm being performed on the client-side.

The machine 1100 may include processors 1102, memory 1104, andinput/output (I/O) components 1138, which may be configured tocommunicate with each other via a bus 1140. In an example, theprocessors 1102 (e.g., a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a ReducedInstruction Set Computing (RISC) Processor, a Complex Instruction SetComputing (CISC) Processor, a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), a DigitalSignal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit(ASIC), a Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuit (RFIC), another processor,or any suitable combination thereof) may include, for example, aprocessor 1106 and a processor 1110 that execute the instructions 1108.The term “processor” is intended to include multi-core processors thatmay comprise two or more independent processors (sometimes referred toas “cores”) that may execute instructions contemporaneously. AlthoughFIG. 11 shows multiple processors 1102, the machine 1100 may include asingle processor with a single-core, a single processor with multiplecores (e.g., a multi-core processor), multiple processors with a singlecore, multiple processors with multiples cores, or any combinationthereof.

The memory 1104 includes a main memory 1112, a static memory 1114, and astorage unit 1116, all accessible to the processors 1102 via the bus1140. The main memory 1104, the static memory 1114, and the storage unit1116 store the instructions 1108 embodying any one or more of themethodologies or functions described herein. The instructions 1108 mayalso reside, completely or partially, within the main memory 1112,within the static memory 1114, within a machine-readable medium withinthe storage unit 1116, within at least one of the processors 1102 (e.g.,within the processor's cache memory), or any suitable combinationthereof, during execution thereof by the machine 1100.

The I/O components 1138 may include a wide variety of components toreceive input, provide output, produce output, transmit information,exchange information, capture measurements, and so on. The specific I/Ocomponents 1138 that are included in a particular machine will depend onthe type of machine. For example, portable machines such as mobilephones may include a touch input device or other such input mechanisms,while a headless server machine will likely not include such a touchinput device. It will be appreciated that the I/O components 1138 mayinclude many other components that are not shown in FIG. 11 . In variousexamples, the I/O components 1138 may include user output components1124 and user input components 1126. The user output components 1124 mayinclude visual components (e.g., a display such as a plasma displaypanel (PDP), a light-emitting diode (LED) display, a liquid crystaldisplay (LCD), a projector, or a cathode ray tube (CRT)), acousticcomponents (e.g., speakers), haptic components (e.g., a vibratory motor,resistance mechanisms), other signal generators, and so forth. The userinput components 1126 may include alphanumeric input components (e.g., akeyboard, a touch screen configured to receive alphanumeric input, aphoto-optical keyboard, or other alphanumeric input components),point-based input components (e.g., a mouse, a touchpad, a trackball, ajoystick, a motion sensor, or another pointing instrument), tactileinput components (e.g., a physical button, a touch screen that provideslocation and force of touches or touch gestures, or other tactile inputcomponents), audio input components (e.g., a microphone), and the like.

In further examples, the I/O components 1138 may include biometriccomponents 1128, motion components 1130, environmental components 1132,or position components 1134, among a wide array of other components. Forexample, the biometric components 1128 include components to detectexpressions (e.g., hand expressions, facial expressions, vocalexpressions, body gestures, or eye-tracking), measure biosignals (e.g.,blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, perspiration, or brainwaves), identify a person (e.g., voice identification, retinalidentification, facial identification, fingerprint identification, orelectroencephalogram-based identification), and the like. The motioncomponents 1130 include acceleration sensor components (e.g.,accelerometer), gravitation sensor components, and rotation sensorcomponents (e.g., gyroscope).

The environmental components 1132 include, for example, one or morecameras (with still image/photograph and video capabilities),illumination sensor components (e.g., photometer), temperature sensorcomponents (e.g., one or more thermometers that detect ambienttemperature), humidity sensor components, pressure sensor components(e.g., barometer), acoustic sensor components (e.g., one or moremicrophones that detect background noise), proximity sensor components(e.g., infrared sensors that detect nearby objects), gas sensors (e.g.,gas detection sensors to detection concentrations of hazardous gases forsafety or to measure pollutants in the atmosphere), or other componentsthat may provide indications, measurements, or signals corresponding toa surrounding physical environment.

With respect to cameras, the client device 102 may have a camera systemcomprising, for example, front cameras on a front surface of the clientdevice 102 and rear cameras on a rear surface of the client device 102.The front cameras may, for example, be used to capture still images andvideo of a user of the client device 102 (e.g., “selfies”), which maythen be augmented with augmentation data (e.g., filters) describedabove. The rear cameras may, for example, be used to capture stillimages and videos in a more traditional camera mode, with these imagessimilarly being augmented with augmentation data. In addition to frontand rear cameras, the client device 102 may also include a 360° camerafor capturing 360° photographs and videos.

Further, the camera system of a client device 102 may include dual rearcameras (e.g., a primary camera as well as a depth-sensing camera), oreven triple, quad, or penta rear camera configurations on the front andrear sides of the client device 102. These multiple cameras systems mayinclude a wide camera, an ultra-wide camera, a telephoto camera, a macrocamera, and a depth sensor, for example.

The position components 1134 include location sensor components (e.g., aGPS receiver component), altitude sensor components (e.g., altimeters orbarometers that detect air pressure from which altitude may be derived),orientation sensor components (e.g., magnetometers), and the like.

Communication may be implemented using a wide variety of technologies.The I/O components 1138 further include communication components 1136operable to couple the machine 1100 to a network 1120 or devices 1122via respective coupling or connections. For example, the communicationcomponents 1136 may include a network interface component or anothersuitable device to interface with the network 1120. In further examples,the communication components 1136 may include wired communicationcomponents, wireless communication components, cellular communicationcomponents, Near Field Communication (NFC) components, Bluetooth®components (e.g., Bluetooth® Low Energy), WiFi® components, and othercommunication components to provide communication via other modalities.The devices 1122 may be another machine or any of a wide variety ofperipheral devices (e.g., a peripheral device coupled via a USB).

Moreover, the communication components 1136 may detect identifiers orinclude components operable to detect identifiers. For example, thecommunication components 1136 may include Radio Frequency Identification(RFID) tag reader components, NFC smart tag detection components,optical reader components (e.g., an optical sensor to detectone-dimensional bar codes such as Universal Product Code (UPC) bar code,multi-dimensional bar codes such as Quick Response (QR) code, Azteccode, Data Matrix, Dataglyph, MaxiCode, PDF417, Ultra Code, UCC RSS-2Dbar code, and other optical codes), or acoustic detection components(e.g., microphones to identify tagged audio signals). In addition, avariety of information may be derived via the communication components1136, such as location via Internet Protocol (IP) geolocation, locationvia Wi-Fi® signal triangulation, location via detecting an NFC beaconsignal that may indicate a particular location, and so forth.

The various memories (e.g., main memory 1112, static memory 1114, andmemory of the processors 1102) and storage unit 1116 may store one ormore sets of instructions and data structures (e.g., software) embodyingor used by any one or more of the methodologies or functions describedherein. These instructions (e.g., the instructions 1108), when executedby processors 1102, cause various operations to implement the disclosedexamples.

The instructions 1108 may be transmitted or received over the network1120, using a transmission medium, via a network interface device (e.g.,a network interface component included in the communication components1136) and using any one of several well-known transfer protocols (e.g.,HTTP). Similarly, the instructions 1108 may be transmitted or receivedusing a transmission medium via a coupling (e.g., a peer-to-peercoupling) to the devices 1122.

Software Architecture

FIG. 12 is a block diagram 1200 illustrating a software architecture1204, which can be installed on any one or more of the devices describedherein. The software architecture 1204 is supported by hardware such asa machine 1202 that includes processors 1220, memory 1226, and I/Ocomponents 1238. In this example, the software architecture 1204 can beconceptualized as a stack of layers, where each layer provides aparticular functionality. The software architecture 1204 includes layerssuch as an operating system 1212, libraries 1210, frameworks 1208, andapplications 1206. Operationally, the applications 1206 invoke API calls1250 through the software stack and receive messages 1252 in response tothe API calls 1250.

The operating system 1212 manages hardware resources and provides commonservices. The operating system 1212 includes, for example, a kernel1214, services 1216, and drivers 1222. The kernel 1214 acts as anabstraction layer between the hardware and the other software layers.For example, the kernel 1214 provides memory management, processormanagement (e.g., scheduling), component management, networking, andsecurity settings, among other functionality. The services 1216 canprovide other common services for the other software layers. The drivers1222 are responsible for controlling or interfacing with the underlyinghardware. For instance, the drivers 1222 can include display drivers,camera drivers, BLUETOOTH® or BLUETOOTH® Low Energy drivers, flashmemory drivers, serial communication drivers (e.g., USB drivers), WI-FI®drivers, audio drivers, power management drivers, and so forth.

The libraries 1210 provide a common low-level infrastructure used by theapplications 1206. The libraries 1210 can include system libraries 1218(e.g., C standard library) that provide functions such as memoryallocation functions, string manipulation functions, mathematicfunctions, and the like. In addition, the libraries 1210 can include APIlibraries 1224 such as media libraries (e.g., libraries to supportpresentation and manipulation of various media formats such as MovingPicture Experts Group-4 (MPEG4), Advanced Video Coding (H.264 or AVC),Moving Picture Experts Group Layer-3 (MP3), Advanced Audio Coding (AAC),Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) audio codec, Joint Photographic Experts Group(JPEG or JPG), or Portable Network Graphics (PNG)), graphics libraries(e.g., an OpenGL framework used to render in 2D and 3D in a graphiccontent on a display), database libraries (e.g., SQLite to providevarious relational database functions), web libraries (e.g., WebKit toprovide web browsing functionality), and the like. The libraries 1210can also include a wide variety of other libraries 1228 to provide manyother APIs to the applications 1206.

The frameworks 1208 provide a common high-level infrastructure that isused by the applications 1206. For example, the frameworks 1208 providevarious GUI functions, high-level resource management, and high-levellocation services. The frameworks 1208 can provide a broad spectrum ofother APIs that can be used by the applications 1206, some of which maybe specific to a particular operating system or platform.

In an example, the applications 1206 may include a home application1236, a contacts application 1230, a browser application 1232, a bookreader application 1234, a location application 1242, a mediaapplication 1244, a messaging application 1246, a game application 1248,and a broad assortment of other applications such as an externalapplication 1240. The applications 1206 are programs that executefunctions defined in the programs. Various programming languages can beemployed to create one or more of the applications 1206, structured in avariety of manners, such as object-oriented programming languages (e.g.,Objective-C, Java, or C++) or procedural programming languages (e.g., Cor assembly language). In a specific example, the external application1240 (e.g., an application developed using the ANDROID™ or IOS™ SDK byan entity other than the vendor of the particular platform) may bemobile software running on a mobile operating system such as IOS™,ANDROID™, WINDOWS® Phone, or another mobile operating system. In thisexample, the external application 1240 can invoke the API calls 1250provided by the operating system 1212 to facilitate functionalitydescribed herein.

Glossary

“Carrier signal” refers to any intangible medium that is capable ofstoring, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by themachine, and includes digital or analog communications signals or otherintangible media to facilitate communication of such instructions.Instructions may be transmitted or received over a network using atransmission medium via a network interface device.

“Client device” refers to any machine that interfaces to acommunications network to obtain resources from one or more serversystems or other client devices. A client device may be, but is notlimited to, a mobile phone, desktop computer, laptop, PDAs, smartphones,tablets, ultrabooks, netbooks, laptops, multi-processor systems,microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, gameconsoles, set-top boxes, or any other communication device that a usermay use to access a network.

“Communication network” refers to one or more portions of a network thatmay be an ad hoc network, an intranet, an extranet, a virtual privatenetwork (VPN), a local area network (LAN), a wireless LAN (WLAN), a widearea network (WAN), a wireless WAN (WWAN), a metropolitan area network(MAN), the Internet, a portion of the Internet, a portion of the PublicSwitched Telephone Network (PSTN), a plain old telephone service (POTS)network, a cellular telephone network, a wireless network, a Wi-Fi®network, another type of network, or a combination of two or more suchnetworks. For example, a network or a portion of a network may include awireless or cellular network and the coupling may be a Code DivisionMultiple Access (CDMA) connection, a Global System for Mobilecommunications (GSM) connection, or other types of cellular or wirelesscoupling. In this example, the coupling may implement any of a varietyof types of data transfer technology, such as Single Carrier RadioTransmission Technology (1×RTT), Evolution-Data Optimized (EVDO)technology, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) technology, EnhancedData rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) technology, third GenerationPartnership Project (3GPP) including 3G, fourth generation wireless (4G)networks, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), High SpeedPacket Access (HSPA), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access(WiMAX), Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard, others defined by variousstandard-setting organizations, other long-range protocols, or otherdata transfer technology.

“Component” refers to a device, physical entity, or logic havingboundaries defined by function or subroutine calls, branch points, APIs,or other technologies that provide for the partitioning ormodularization of particular processing or control functions. Componentsmay be combined via their interfaces with other components to carry outa machine process. A component may be a packaged functional hardwareunit designed for use with other components and a part of a program thatusually performs a particular function of related functions.

Components may constitute either software components (e.g., codeembodied on a machine-readable medium) or hardware components. A“hardware component” is a tangible unit capable of performing certainoperations and may be configured or arranged in a certain physicalmanner. In various examples, one or more computer systems (e.g., astandalone computer system, a client computer system, or a servercomputer system) or one or more hardware components of a computer system(e.g., a processor or a group of processors) may be configured bysoftware (e.g., an application or application portion) as a hardwarecomponent that operates to perform certain operations as describedherein.

A hardware component may also be implemented mechanically,electronically, or any suitable combination thereof. For example, ahardware component may include dedicated circuitry or logic that ispermanently configured to perform certain operations. A hardwarecomponent may be a special-purpose processor, such as afield-programmable gate array (FPGA) or an ASIC. A hardware componentmay also include programmable logic or circuitry that is temporarilyconfigured by software to perform certain operations. For example, ahardware component may include software executed by a general-purposeprocessor or other programmable processor. Once configured by suchsoftware, hardware components become specific machines (or specificcomponents of a machine) uniquely tailored to perform the configuredfunctions and are no longer general-purpose processors. It will beappreciated that the decision to implement a hardware componentmechanically, in dedicated and permanently configured circuitry, or intemporarily configured circuitry (e.g., configured by software), may bedriven by cost and time considerations. Accordingly, the phrase“hardware component” (or “hardware-implemented component”) should beunderstood to encompass a tangible entity, be that an entity that isphysically constructed, permanently configured (e.g., hardwired), ortemporarily configured (e.g., programmed) to operate in a certain manneror to perform certain operations described herein.

Considering examples in which hardware components are temporarilyconfigured (e.g., programmed), each of the hardware components need notbe configured or instantiated at any one instance in time. For example,where a hardware component comprises a general-purpose processorconfigured by software to become a special-purpose processor, thegeneral-purpose processor may be configured as respectively differentspecial-purpose processors (e.g., comprising different hardwarecomponents) at different times. Software accordingly configures aparticular processor or processors, for example, to constitute aparticular hardware component at one instance of time and to constitutea different hardware component at a different instance of time.

Hardware components can provide information to, and receive informationfrom, other hardware components. Accordingly, the described hardwarecomponents may be regarded as being communicatively coupled. Wheremultiple hardware components exist contemporaneously, communications maybe achieved through signal transmission (e.g., over appropriate circuitsand buses) between or among two or more of the hardware components. Inexamples in which multiple hardware components are configured orinstantiated at different times, communications between such hardwarecomponents may be achieved, for example, through the storage andretrieval of information in memory structures to which the multiplehardware components have access. For example, one hardware component mayperform an operation and store the output of that operation in a memorydevice to which it is communicatively coupled. A further hardwarecomponent may then, at a later time, access the memory device toretrieve and process the stored output. Hardware components may alsoinitiate communications with input or output devices, and can operate ona resource (e.g., a collection of information).

The various operations of example methods described herein may beperformed, at least partially, by one or more processors that aretemporarily configured (e.g., by software) or permanently configured toperform the relevant operations. Whether temporarily or permanentlyconfigured, such processors may constitute processor-implementedcomponents that operate to perform one or more operations or functionsdescribed herein. As used herein, “processor-implemented component”refers to a hardware component implemented using one or more processors.Similarly, the methods described herein may be at least partiallyprocessor-implemented, with a particular processor or processors beingan example of hardware. For example, at least some of the operations ofa method may be performed by one or more processors 1102 orprocessor-implemented components. Moreover, the one or more processorsmay also operate to support performance of the relevant operations in a“cloud computing” environment or as a “software as a service” (SaaS).For example, at least some of the operations may be performed by a groupof computers (as examples of machines including processors), with theseoperations being accessible via a network (e.g., the Internet) and viaone or more appropriate interfaces (e.g., an API). The performance ofcertain of the operations may be distributed among the processors, notonly residing within a single machine, but deployed across a number ofmachines. In some examples, the processors or processor-implementedcomponents may be located in a single geographic location (e.g., withina home environment, an office environment, or a server farm). In otherexamples, the processors or processor-implemented components may bedistributed across a number of geographic locations.

“Computer-readable storage medium” refers to both machine-storage mediaand transmission media. Thus, the terms include both storagedevices/media and carrier waves/modulated data signals. The terms“machine-readable medium,” “computer-readable medium,” and“device-readable medium” mean the same thing and may be usedinterchangeably in this disclosure.

“Ephemeral message” refers to a message that is accessible for atime-limited duration. An ephemeral message may be a text, an image, avideo, and the like. The access time for the ephemeral message may beset by the message sender. Alternatively, the access time may be adefault setting or a setting specified by the recipient. Regardless ofthe setting technique, the message is transitory.

“Machine storage medium” refers to a single or multiple storage devicesand media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and associatedcaches and servers) that store executable instructions, routines anddata. The term shall accordingly be taken to include, but not be limitedto, solid-state memories, and optical and magnetic media, includingmemory internal or external to processors. Specific examples ofmachine-storage media, computer-storage media and device-storage mediainclude non-volatile memory, including by way of example semiconductormemory devices, e.g., erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM),electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), FPGA, andflash memory devices; magnetic disks such as internal hard disks andremovable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks Theterms “machine-storage medium,” “device-storage medium,” and“computer-storage medium” mean the same thing and may be usedinterchangeably in this disclosure. The terms “machine-storage media,”“computer-storage media,” and “device-storage media” specificallyexclude carrier waves, modulated data signals, and other such media, atleast some of which are covered under the term “signal medium.”

“Non-transitory computer-readable storage medium” refers to a tangiblemedium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying theinstructions for execution by a machine.

“Signal medium” refers to any intangible medium that is capable ofstoring, encoding, or carrying the instructions for execution by amachine and includes digital or analog communications signals or otherintangible media to facilitate communication of software or data. Theterm “signal medium” shall be taken to include any form of a modulateddata signal, carrier wave, and so forth. The term “modulated datasignal” means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics setor changed in such a matter as to encode information in the signal. Theterms “transmission medium” and “signal medium” mean the same thing andmay be used interchangeably in this disclosure.

Changes and modifications may be made to the disclosed examples withoutdeparting from the scope of the present disclosure. These and otherchanges or modifications are intended to be included within the scope ofthe present disclosure, as expressed in the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: receiving, by one or moreprocessors, a video that includes a depiction of one or more real-worldobjects in a real-world environment; generating a three-dimensional (3D)model of the real-world environment based on the video; determining,based on the 3D model of the real-world environment, that an augmentedreality (AR) item has been placed in the video at a particular 3Dposition; identifying a portion of the 3D model corresponding to thereal-world environment currently being displayed on a screen;determining that the particular 3D position of the AR item in which theAR item was previously placed is excluded from the portion of the 3Dmodel currently being displayed on the screen, such that the AR item isvisible in the screen when the 3D model currently being displayedcorresponds to the particular 3D position and the AR item is at leastpartially not visible when the 3D model currently being displayedexcludes the particular 3D position; and in response to determining thatthe 3D position of the AR item is excluded from the portion of the 3Dmodel, displaying an indicator that identifies the 3D position of the ARitem in the 3D model relative to the portion of the 3D model currentlybeing displayed on the screen.
 2. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising: obtaining depth data related to the real-world environment,wherein the 3D model is generated based on the depth data.
 3. The methodof claim 1, further comprising: detecting a change in orientation of acamera used to capture the video; and continuously modifying theindicator of the AR item based on the detected change.
 4. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising: updating the portion of the 3D modelcorresponding to a new portion of the real-world environment currentlybeing displayed on a screen; and determining that the 3D position of atleast a portion of the AR item is included in the updated portion of the3D model.
 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising: detectingmovement of a camera used to capture the video of a new portion of thereal-world environment; updating the portion of the 3D modelcorresponding to the new portion of the real-world environment currentlybeing displayed on a screen; and determining that the 3D position of theAR item is included in the updated portion of the 3D model.
 6. Themethod of claim 5, further comprising: in response to determining thatthe 3D position of the AR item is included in the updated portion of the3D model: removing the indicator from being displayed; and displayingthe AR item in the video.
 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:detecting movement of a camera used to capture the video of a newportion of the real-world environment; updating the portion of the 3Dmodel corresponding to the new portion of the real-world environmentcurrently being displayed on a screen; and determining that the 3Dposition of a portion of the AR item is included in the updated portionof the 3D model.
 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:determining that a size of the portion of the AR item corresponds to aminimum size parameter; and in response to determining that the size ofthe portion of the AR item corresponds to the minimum size parameter:removing the indicator from being displayed; and displaying the AR itemin the video.
 9. The method of claim 7, further comprising: determiningthat a size of the portion of the AR item fails to correspond to aminimum size parameter; and in response to determining that the size ofthe portion of the AR item fails to correspond to the minimum sizeparameter, displaying the portion of the AR item in the video togetherwith the indicator.
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the indicatorcomprises an arrow, the arrow pointing towards a direction of the 3Dposition.
 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising: rotating theindicator about a central axis of the screen as movement of a cameraused to capture the video is moved around.
 12. The method of claim 11,wherein the indicator is rotated to continue pointing towards adirection of the 3D position of the AR item.
 13. The method of claim 1,further comprising training a neural network classifier to determine areal-world environment classification, wherein the real-worldenvironment classification is used to select a position for the AR item,and wherein the neural network is trained by performing operationscomprising: receiving training data comprising a plurality of trainingimages and ground truth real-world environment classifications for eachof the plurality of training images, each of the plurality of trainingimages depicting a different type of real-world environment; applyingthe neural network classifier to a first training image of the pluralityof training images to estimate a real-world environment classificationof the real-world environment depicted in the first training image;computing a deviation between the estimated real-world environmentclassification and the ground truth real-world environmentclassification associated with the first training image; and updatingparameters of the neural network classifier based on the computeddeviation.
 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the indicator visuallyrepresents the real-world environment classification.
 15. A systemcomprising: at least one processor configured to perform operationscomprising: receiving a video that includes a depiction of one or morereal-world objects in a real-world environment; generating athree-dimensional (3D) model of the real-world environment based on thevideo; determining, based on the 3D model of the real-world environment,that an augmented reality (AR) item has been placed in the video at aparticular 3D position; identifying a portion of the 3D modelcorresponding to the real-world environment currently being displayed ona screen; determining that the particular 3D position of the AR item inwhich the AR item was previously placed is excluded from the portion ofthe 3D model currently being displayed on the screen, such that the ARitem is visible in the screen when the 3D model currently beingdisplayed corresponds to the particular 3D position and the AR item isat least partially not visible when the 3D model currently beingdisplayed excludes the particular 3D position; and in response todetermining that the 3D position of the AR item is excluded from theportion of the 3D model, displaying an indicator that identifies the 3Dposition of the AR item in the 3D model relative to the portion of the3D model currently being displayed on the screen.
 16. The system ofclaim 15, wherein the operations further comprise: obtaining depth datarelated to the real-world environment, wherein the 3D model is generatedbased on the depth data.
 17. The system of claim 15, wherein theoperations further comprise: detecting a change in orientation of acamera used to capture the video; and continuously modifying theindicator of the AR item based on the detected change.
 18. The system ofclaim 15, wherein the indicator comprises a visual representation of theAR item.
 19. The system of claim 15, wherein the operations furthercomprise: detecting movement of a camera used to capture the video of anew portion of the real-world environment; updating the portion of the3D model corresponding to the new portion of the real-world environmentcurrently being displayed on a screen; and determining that the 3Dposition of the AR item is included in the updated portion of the 3Dmodel.
 20. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium thatincludes instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of amachine, cause the machine to perform operations comprising: receiving avideo that includes a depiction of one or more real-world objects in areal-world environment; generating a three-dimensional (3D) model of thereal-world environment based on the video; determining, based on the 3Dmodel of the real-world environment, that an augmented reality (AR) itemhas been placed in the video at a particular 3D position; identifying aportion of the 3D model corresponding to the real-world environmentcurrently being displayed on a screen; determining that the particular3D position of the AR item in which the AR item was previously placed isexcluded from the portion of the 3D model currently being displayed onthe screen, such that the AR item is visible in the screen when the 3Dmodel currently being displayed corresponds to the particular 3Dposition and the AR item is at least partially not visible when the 3Dmodel currently being displayed excludes the particular 3D position; andin response to determining that the 3D position of the AR item isexcluded from the portion of the 3D model, displaying an indicator thatidentifies the 3D position of the AR item in the 3D model relative tothe portion of the 3D model currently being displayed on the screen.